Hager J, Gober K H, Löhr J P, Dürr M
Rhône-Poulenc Rorer GmbH, Köln.
J Aerosol Med. 1992 Summer;5(2):65-79. doi: 10.1089/jam.1992.5.65.
The use of appropriate nebulizers is a major precondition for a successful treatment and prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with pentamidine aerosol. The apparatus should supply a sufficient amount of pentamidine with adequate particle size. Using Fisons ultrasonic nebulizer FISO Neb, model FZV 40 BAMKI, De Vilbiss ultrasonic nebulizer, Porta-Sonic, model 8500 GB, and the Marquest Medical Products jet nebulizer Respirgard II, two pentamidine concentrations (300 mg/6 ml and 60 mg/6 ml) were compared by measuring nebulized pentamidine mass distribution and particle size distribution under in vitro conditions by means of a laser light-scattering particle sizer of the type Malvern Master sizer. It was found that there were significant differences among nebulizers. Mass distribution experiments with air flow 6 l/min showed that using FISO Neb the quantity of nebulized pentamidine was 201.4 mg and 36.7 mg, whereas using Porta-Sonic the values found decreased to 85.2 mg and 23.6 mg. Using Respirgard II the values were 80.0 mg and 10.64 mg. The measured total duration times of nebulization were 6 - 8.5 min, 12 min and 25 min for the nebulizers FISO Neb, Porta-Sonic and Respirgard II. A decomposition of pentamidine during nebulization in the case of ultrasonic nebulizers doesn't take place. The measured mass median diameters (MMD) were 5.6 - 6.9 mum, 1.96 - 3.04 mum and 1.9 - 2.5 mum for the nebulizers FISO Neb, Porta-Sonic and Respirgard II. Using 300 mg pentamidine the nebulized amounts of pentamidine containing particles sizes less than or equal to 2 mum predominately available for alveolar deposition were with values of about 43 mg markedly higher for Respirgard II and Porta-Sonic than the measured 10.5 mg for FISO Neb.
使用合适的雾化器是成功使用戊烷脒气雾剂治疗和预防卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的主要前提条件。该设备应能提供足够量且粒径合适的戊烷脒。使用费森超声雾化器FISO Neb，型号FZV 40 BAMKI、德维比斯超声雾化器Porta-Sonic，型号8500 GB以及马奎斯特医疗产品公司的喷射雾化器Respirgard II，通过使用马尔文Master sizer型激光散射粒度分析仪在体外条件下测量雾化戊烷脒的质量分布和粒径分布，对两种戊烷脒浓度（300 mg/6 ml和60 mg/6 ml）进行了比较。结果发现，不同雾化器之间存在显著差异。在气流为6 l/min的质量分布实验中，使用FISO Neb时雾化的戊烷脒量为201.4 mg和36.7 mg，而使用Porta-Sonic时测得的值降至85.2 mg和23.6 mg。使用Respirgard II时的值分别为80.0 mg和10.64 mg。FISO Neb、Porta-Sonic和Respirgard II这几种雾化器测得的雾化总时长分别为6 - 8.5分钟、12分钟和25分钟。对于超声雾化器而言，雾化过程中戊烷脒不会发生分解。FISO Neb、Porta-Sonic和Respirgard II这几种雾化器测得的质量中值直径（MMD）分别为5.6 - 6.9μm、1.96 - 3.04μm和1.9 - 2.5μm。使用300 mg戊烷脒时，Respirgard II和Porta-Sonic雾化出的粒径小于或等于2μm且主要可用于肺泡沉积的含戊烷脒颗粒量约为43 mg，明显高于FISO Neb测得的10.5 mg。
