Hellman R, Cummings K M, Haughey B P, Zielezny M A, O'Shea R M
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo 14214.
Health Educ Res. 1991 Mar;6(1):77-86. doi: 10.1093/her/6.1.77.
This paper presents results of a prospective study which examined factors influencing self-initiated smoking behavior change in a cohort of smokers followed over 17 months. Employees of a cancer hospital and research center were surveyed about smoking habits, health status, attitudes about smoking and social-environmental factors. Seventeen months later, employees identified as smokers were resurveyed about their current smoking status, recent attempts at cessation and use of cessation aids in these attempts. Overall, 47% of subjects had not tried to stop smoking (non-stoppers, NS), 38% had attempted to quit but returned to smoking (recidivists, R) and 15% had successfully quit (SQ). Predictors of attempting cessation (R and SQ versus NS) included smoking fewer cigarettes daily, starting smoking at a later age, previous attempts at quitting, lower nicotine dependence, greater pressure to stop smoking and an expectation to quit in the near future. Amount smoked daily was the strongest predictor of successful quitting (SQ versus R). Findings from this study suggest intention to stop smoking is the most important factor differentiating smokers who attempt cessation from those who do not. Strength of smoking habit appears to be the strongest factor associated with successful quitting.
本文介绍了一项前瞻性研究的结果，该研究考察了在长达17个月的随访期内，影响一组吸烟者自主吸烟行为改变的因素。对一家癌症医院及研究中心的员工进行了关于吸烟习惯、健康状况、对吸烟的态度以及社会环境因素的调查。17个月后，再次对被认定为吸烟者的员工进行调查，询问他们当前的吸烟状况、近期的戒烟尝试以及这些尝试中使用戒烟辅助工具的情况。总体而言，47%的受试者未曾尝试戒烟（未戒烟者，NS），38%曾尝试戒烟但又复吸（复吸者，R），15%成功戒烟（成功戒烟者，SQ）。尝试戒烟（R和SQ与NS相比）的预测因素包括每日吸烟量较少、开始吸烟的年龄较晚、既往戒烟尝试、较低的尼古丁依赖、更大的戒烟压力以及近期戒烟的期望。每日吸烟量是成功戒烟（SQ与R相比）的最强预测因素。本研究结果表明，戒烟意愿是区分尝试戒烟的吸烟者与未尝试戒烟者的最重要因素。吸烟习惯的强度似乎是与成功戒烟相关的最强因素。
