Kozela Magdalena, Sytnik-Czetwertyński Janusz, Polak Maciej, Gradowicz-Prajsnar Barbara, Rogala Maciej
Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
Front Public Health. 2025 May 22;13:1586447. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1586447. eCollection 2025.
Socioeconomic status is related with individuals' attitudes toward health behaviors and perceptions of risk. This study investigated the relationships between socioeconomic status and perceptions of the impact of heated tobacco products (HTPs) and cigarette smoking on the physical, mental, and social well-being of users.
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a population-based random sample of 2,500 HTP users and former smokers over the age of 25. The computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method was employed to gather data. Information on gender, age, education, place of residence, income, and detailed perceptions of the impact of HTPs use and cigarette smoking on physical, mental, and social well-being was collected. A socioeconomic status score was derived based on education and income data. Multivariable multinomial regression analysis was used to assess the impact of socioeconomic status on perceptions of HTPs use and cigarette smoking in relation to physical, mental, and social well-being, controlling for age, place of residence, and perceived health status. The reference category was middle socioeconomic status and the middle category of perceived impact.
A total of 2,254 participants were included in the analysis. Socioeconomic status was not related with perceptions of the impact of HTPs use or cigarette smoking on physical well-being. Compared to those with middle socioeconomic status, individuals with low socioeconomic status were more likely to perceive a positive impact of HTPs use on mental well-being (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.12-2.60). Women with low socioeconomic status showed a stronger perception of being unaffected by peer pressure, both against smoking cigarettes and using HTPs (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.11-2.57; OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.10-2.12, respectively).
While socioeconomic status did not differentiate perceptions of the impact of HTPs use or smoking on physical health, more tailored public health strategies that consider socioeconomic factors may be needed when addressing mental health perceptions and the influence of peer pressure.
社会经济地位与个人对健康行为的态度以及风险认知相关。本研究调查了社会经济地位与对加热烟草制品（HTP）和吸烟对使用者身心健康及社会福祉影响的认知之间的关系。
采用基于人群的随机抽样方法，对2500名25岁以上的HTP使用者和曾经吸烟者进行横断面研究。采用计算机辅助网络访谈（CAWI）方法收集数据。收集了关于性别、年龄、教育程度、居住地点、收入以及对使用HTP和吸烟对身心健康及社会福祉影响的详细认知信息。根据教育和收入数据得出社会经济地位得分。使用多变量多项回归分析来评估社会经济地位对HTP使用和吸烟与身心健康及社会福祉相关认知的影响，同时控制年龄、居住地点和感知健康状况。参考类别为中等社会经济地位和中等感知影响类别。
共有2254名参与者纳入分析。社会经济地位与对使用HTP或吸烟对身体健康影响的认知无关。与中等社会经济地位者相比，社会经济地位低的个体更有可能认为使用HTP对心理健康有积极影响（OR = 1.71，95%CI：1.12 - 2.60）。社会经济地位低的女性对来自同伴反对吸烟和使用HTP压力的不受影响感更强（OR分别为1.69，95%CI：1.11 - 2.57；OR为1.53，95%CI：1.10 - 2.12）。
虽然社会经济地位在对使用HTP或吸烟对身体健康影响的认知方面没有差异，但在解决心理健康认知和同伴压力影响问题时，可能需要考虑社会经济因素制定更具针对性的公共卫生策略。
