Chen S C
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Missouri.
Echocardiography. 1991 Mar;8(2):207-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.1991.tb01391.x.
Echocardiography is useful and reliable in the diagnosis and management of children with dilated cardiomyopathy. M-mode echocardiography provides quantitative information of left ventricular and left atrial dimensions and left ventricular wall thickness. Left ventricular function including shortening fraction, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (V cf), systolic time intervals, left ventricular wall thickening and thinning rate, isovolumic contraction time, and wall stress can be derived from M-mode study. Left ventricular and left atrial dimensions are usually 1.5 times normal. Left ventricular systolic function is markedly reduced. Shortening fraction can be easily obtained and is the most informative index for assessing the severity of illness. Very low shortening fraction at presentation and follow-up (12-15%) is a poor prognostic sign. Two-dimensional echocardiography is valuable for excluding valvular lesion or coronary artery anomaly and detection of intracardiac thrombus. The left ventricular free wall is usually more severely affected than the ventricular septum as seen by two-dimensional echocardiography.
超声心动图在扩张型心肌病患儿的诊断和管理中是有用且可靠的。M型超声心动图可提供左心室和左心房大小以及左心室壁厚度的定量信息。左心室功能，包括缩短分数、圆周纤维缩短平均速度（Vcf）、收缩时间间期、左心室壁增厚和变薄率、等容收缩时间以及壁应力，可从M型研究中得出。左心室和左心房大小通常为正常的1.5倍。左心室收缩功能明显降低。缩短分数易于获得，是评估疾病严重程度最具信息量的指标。就诊时和随访时极低的缩短分数（12 - 15%）是预后不良的征象。二维超声心动图对于排除瓣膜病变或冠状动脉异常以及检测心内血栓很有价值。二维超声心动图显示，左心室游离壁通常比室间隔受影响更严重。
