Beaton R D, Murphy S A
Department of Psychosocial Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 1993 Apr-Jun;8(2):140-50. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x00040218.
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: This paper reports the results of an initial effort to develop and test a measure of the various sources of job-related stress in firefighter and paramedic emergency service workers.
A 57-item paper and pencil measure of occupational stressors in firefighter/Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) and firefighter/paramedics was developed and administered by anonymous mail survey.
More than 2,000 (50% rate of return) emergency service workers completed and returned the surveys. The responses of 1,730 firefighter/EMTs and 253 firefighter/paramedics were very similar in terms of the degree to which job stressors were bothersome. A factor analysis of replies yielded 14 statistically independent "Occupational Stressor" factors which together accounted for 66.3% of the instrument's variance. These Sources of Occupational Stress (SOOS) factor scale scores essentially did not correlate with a measure of the social desirability test-taking bias. Finally, SOOS factors were identified that correlated with job satisfaction and work-related morale of the respondents. Conflict with administration was the job stressor factor that most strongly correlated with reports of low job satisfaction and poor work morale in both study groups.
The findings suggest that firefighter and paramedic job stress is very complicated and multi-faceted. Based on this preliminary investigation, the SOOS instrument appears to have adequate reliability and concurrent validity.
引言/目的：本文报告了一项初步研究的结果，该研究旨在开发并测试一种衡量消防员和护理人员应急服务工作中与工作相关压力的各种来源的方法。
开发了一份包含57个条目的纸笔式消防员/急救医疗技术员（EMT）和消防员/护理人员职业压力源测量工具，并通过匿名邮件调查进行发放。
超过2000名（回复率为50%）应急服务工作者完成并返还了调查问卷。1730名消防员/EMT和253名消防员/护理人员在工作压力源令人烦恼的程度方面的回答非常相似。对回复进行的因素分析产生了14个统计上独立的“职业压力源”因素，这些因素共同解释了该工具66.3%的方差。这些职业压力源（SOOS）因素量表得分与社会期望测试偏差的测量基本不相关。最后，确定了与受访者工作满意度和工作相关士气相关的SOOS因素。与管理层的冲突是两个研究组中与低工作满意度和低工作士气报告相关性最强的工作压力源因素。
研究结果表明，消防员和护理人员的工作压力非常复杂且多方面。基于这项初步调查，SOOS工具似乎具有足够的信度和同时效度。
