Neale A V
Department of Family Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201.
J Occup Med. 1991 Sep;33(9):991-7.
To better understand the dynamics underlying their high turnover rate, emergency medical technicians (EMTs) were asked to participate in a union-sponsored study. Fifty-two percent of 200 EMT union members returned the three mailed questionnaires: the Occupational Stress Index, which assesses stress, strain, and coping; the Staff Burnout Scale for Health Professionals; and a survey that probed areas of job satisfaction. The sample had high stress, strain, and burnout scores. Coping skills were within the normal range. Burnout, stress, strain, and coping (BSS&C) were significantly related to job satisfaction, worry about infectious diseases, and perceptions of being poorly treated by emergency room personnel and fire fighters. BSS&C also were related to being upset by "runs" related to injuries from violence, drug overdoses, and exposure. Job dissatisfaction was related to attitudes that the job adversely affects one's family, that the EMT quarters are uncomfortable, and that administrators are not knowledgeable of the job demands and skills of EMTs. Areas of great discontent were the low salary of the profession and the inadequacy of the equipment.
为了更好地理解急救医疗技术人员（EMT）高离职率背后的动态因素，他们被要求参与一项由工会发起的研究。200名EMT工会成员中有52%回复了三份邮寄的调查问卷：评估压力、紧张和应对方式的职业压力指数；卫生专业人员职业倦怠量表；以及一份探究工作满意度领域的调查问卷。样本的压力、紧张和倦怠得分较高。应对技能处于正常范围。倦怠、压力、紧张和应对方式（BSS&C）与工作满意度、对传染病的担忧以及对急诊室工作人员和消防员待遇不佳的看法显著相关。BSS&C还与因暴力、药物过量和暴露导致的伤害相关的“出诊”而感到心烦有关。工作不满与认为工作对家庭有不利影响、EMT宿舍不舒服以及管理人员不了解EMT的工作要求和技能等态度有关。不满情绪较大的方面是该职业的低工资和设备不足。
