Hurst J B
Department of Educational Psychology, Research, and Social Foundations, University of Toledo, OH, USA.
Health Care Superv. 1996 Sep;15(1):68-75.
Building and maintaining teams require careful attention to and maximization of such polar opposites (¿polarities¿) as individual and team, directive and participatory leadership, task and process, and stability and change. Analyzing systematic elements of any polarity and listing blocks, supports, and flexible ways to maximize it will prevent the negative consequences that occur when treating a polarity like a solvable problem. Flexible, well-timed shifts from pole to pole result in the maximization of upside and minimization of downside consequences.
组建和维护团队需要密切关注并最大限度地协调好诸如个体与团队、指令式与参与式领导、任务与流程以及稳定性与变革等这类截然相反的因素（“极性”）。分析任何极性的系统要素，并列出阻碍因素、支持因素以及将其最大化的灵活方法，将避免把极性当作可解决的问题来处理时所产生的负面后果。灵活且适时地在两极之间转换，会使积极效果最大化，消极后果最小化。
