Balk D E
School of Family Studies and Human Services, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA.
Death Stud. 1996 Jul-Aug;20(4):367-87. doi: 10.1080/07481189608252788.
Several issues impinge on scholars and practitioners interested in adolescent bereavement. First and foremost, adolescent bereavement over the death of a family member or a friend is more prevalent than many persons recognize. Second, scholars and practitioners need models that link adolescent development with adolescent coping during bereavement. Third, models are needed (a) to assist in rethinking what "recovery from bereavement" denotes and (b) to afford criteria for assessing recovery from bereavement. The author reviews findings on bereavement during adolescent development and gives particular attention to three models that enhance our understanding of coping with the life crises bereavement presents to adolescents. One model links grief during adolescence to developmental tasks; another model presents adaptive tasks and coping skills; and the third model identifies sentiments essential for human wholeness. Findings from a variety of studies with bereaved adolescents provide data to test the usefulness of the models. The closing discussion centers on implications for working with bereaved adolescents.
几个问题影响着对青少年丧亲之痛感兴趣的学者和从业者。首先也是最重要的一点，因家庭成员或朋友死亡而导致的青少年丧亲之痛比许多人认识到的更为普遍。其次，学者和从业者需要能将青少年发展与丧亲期间的应对方式联系起来的模型。第三，需要模型（a）来帮助重新思考“从丧亲之痛中恢复”意味着什么，以及（b）为评估从丧亲之痛中恢复提供标准。作者回顾了青少年发展过程中丧亲之痛的研究结果，并特别关注了三种有助于我们理解青少年如何应对丧亲之痛所带来的生活危机的模型。一种模型将青少年时期的悲伤与发展任务联系起来；另一种模型提出了适应性任务和应对技巧；第三种模型确定了实现人类完整性所必需的情感。对丧亲青少年进行的各种研究结果提供了数据来检验这些模型的实用性。最后的讨论集中在与丧亲青少年工作的意义上。
