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一个反对安乐死的女权主义观点。女性尤其应该警惕关于“死亡自由”的论点。

A feminist case against euthanasia. Women should be especially wary of arguments for "the freedom to die".

作者信息

Callahan S

机构信息

Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, NY, USA.

出版信息

Health Prog. 1996 Nov-Dec;77(6):21-9.

Abstract

Feminists, among others, should not be too quick to hail assisted suicide and euthanasia as extensions of human freedom. Indeed, there are good reasons why women should be especially suspicious of such "reforms." First, it is not clear that a person has a moral right to end his or her existence. Feminists understand that suicide and murder are irretrievably linked, and that a person is not a monad. We often hear of suicide attempts in which the person's body--by vomiting up poison, for instance--overrules his or her mind. If there can be such miscommunication between a mind and a body, how are we to trust the communication between a person and the physician ready to assist his or her suicide? Ambivalent motivation and ambiguous meanings have always characterized human relations. In the past, however, an absolute taboo against suicide or euthanasia cemented a patient's right to expect the care of his or her physician, family, and community. If we were to discard that taboo, we would subtly alter these relationships and make each other more vulnerable. History suggests that women, minorities, the ill, the old, and the handicapped would be most at risk. Finally, the assisted-suicide debate has even larger social implications. Unconditional respect for the gift of life is eroding in the United States. The suicide rate is already climbing at all levels of society, especially among teenagers. Wouldn't the acceptance of suicide and euthanasia make it even more acceptable for people to check out of all kinds of uncomfortable situations--marriages or life?

摘要

女权主义者以及其他一些人,不应过快地将协助自杀和安乐死赞誉为人类自由的延伸。事实上,女性尤其应当对这类“改革”持怀疑态度,这是有充分理由的。首先,一个人是否拥有结束自己生命的道德权利并不明确。女权主义者明白,自杀和谋杀有着千丝万缕的联系,而且人并非孤立的个体。我们经常听闻一些自杀未遂事件,比如,当事人的身体——比如通过吐出毒药——违背了其意愿。如果心智和身体之间会出现这样的沟通不畅,我们又怎能信任准备协助其自杀的人与医生之间的沟通呢?矛盾的动机和模糊的含义一直是人际关系的特征。然而,过去对自杀或安乐死的绝对禁忌巩固了患者期望得到医生、家人和社区照料的权利。如果我们摒弃这种禁忌,就会微妙地改变这些关系,使彼此更容易受到伤害。历史表明,女性、少数群体、病人、老年人和残疾人面临的风险最大。最后,协助自杀的辩论具有更广泛的社会影响。在美国,对生命馈赠的无条件尊重正在逐渐消失。社会各阶层的自杀率都在攀升,尤其是青少年。接受自杀和安乐死难道不会让人们觉得在面对各种令人不适的情况——比如婚姻或生活——时选择离开变得更加可以接受吗?

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