Nutbeam D
National Centre for Health Promotion, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Health Educ Res. 1996 Sep;11(3):317-26. doi: 10.1093/her/11.3.317.
This paper is based on the proposition that transfer of knowledge between researchers and practitioners concerning effective health promotion interventions is less than optimal. It considers how evidence concerning effectiveness in health promotion is established through research, and how such evidence is applied by practitioners and policy makers in deciding what to do and what to fund when addressing public health problems. From this examination it is concluded that there are too few rewards for researchers which encourage research with potential for widespread application and systematic development of promising interventions to a stage of field dissemination. Alternatively, practitioners often find themselves in the position of tackling a public health problem where evidence of efficacy is either lacking, or has to be considered alongside a desire to respond to expressed community needs, or the need to respond to political imperative. Several different approaches to improving the fit between research and practice are proposed, and they include improved education and training for practitioners, outcomes focussed program planning, and a more structured approach to rewarding research development and dissemination.
研究人员与从业者之间关于有效健康促进干预措施的知识转移情况并不理想。它探讨了关于健康促进有效性的证据是如何通过研究确立的，以及从业者和政策制定者在决定应对公共卫生问题时该做什么、资助什么时如何应用这些证据。通过此次审视得出结论：对于研究人员而言，鼓励开展具有广泛应用潜力的研究以及将有前景的干预措施系统开发至实地推广阶段的奖励过少。另一方面，从业者常常发现自己处于这样的境地：在应对公共卫生问题时，要么缺乏疗效证据，要么必须在回应社区明确需求的愿望，或者回应政治要求的必要性的同时考虑现有证据。文中提出了几种改善研究与实践契合度的不同方法，包括为从业者提供更好的教育和培训、以结果为导向的项目规划，以及采用更具结构性的方法来奖励研究开发和推广。
