Dowd S B, Davidhizar R
University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA.
Radiol Manage. 1997 Nov-Dec;19(6):46-9.
Rumors and gossip have long been popular topics in literature. Social scientists have even studied the topic and defined four main types of rumor: wish rumors; fear or bogey rumors; wedge-driving or aggressive rumors; and anticipatory rumors. In general, people believe rumor and gossip are synonymous. Rumormongering--the spreading of rumors--occurs among all cultures and types of people. Both men and women gossip and women's gossip is not more vindicative than men's, as is often thought. With such new means of communication as the Internet, transmitting rumor is possible beyond the traditional oral and written forms. Rumor is spread in both the higher and lower levels of an organization. Typically, disproving a rumor is more difficult than proving a rumor. The financial impact of a rumor must be considered also. If people believe, for example, that a radiology department does not have its act together or offers poor customer service, the department may lose revenue because people have lost confidence in it. Originally, the word gossip had positive implications. It referred to a family friend or the woman who delivered a child and announced the event to the community. Because well-intentioned gossip often turns into a damaging story, various approaches for stopping rumors have been identified. They include analyzing the grapevine, identifying the habitual spreaders of rumor and keeping employees informed. In most cases, a person of authority who provides facts can stop or at least slow down rumors spreading at the employee level.
谣言和流言蜚语长期以来一直是文学作品中广受欢迎的主题。社会科学家甚至对这一主题进行了研究,并定义了谣言的四种主要类型:愿望谣言;恐惧或忌妒谣言;离间或攻击性谣言;以及预期谣言。一般来说,人们认为谣言和流言蜚语是同义词。散布谣言——即谣言的传播——在所有文化和各类人群中都会发生。男性和女性都会说长道短,而且女性的流言蜚语并不像人们通常认为的那样比男性更具报复性。借助互联网等新的通信手段,谣言的传播有可能超越传统的口头和书面形式。谣言在一个组织的高层和低层都会传播。通常,辟谣比证实谣言更难。还必须考虑谣言对财务的影响。例如,如果人们认为放射科管理不善或客户服务糟糕,该科室可能会失去收入,因为人们对它失去了信心。最初,“流言蜚语”这个词有积极的含义。它指的是家庭朋友或接生并向社区宣布这一事件的女性。由于善意的流言蜚语往往会变成有害的故事,人们已经确定了各种阻止谣言的方法。这些方法包括分析小道消息、找出惯于传播谣言的人以及让员工了解情况。在大多数情况下,提供事实的权威人士可以阻止或至少减缓在员工层面传播的谣言。