Miekoś E
Int Urol Nephrol. 1976;8(4):277-81. doi: 10.1007/BF02082091.
Histologic specimens, microangiograms, as well as corrosion and dissection preparations of 220 human adrenals were evaluated in order to determine the venous pattern. All the glands were subjected to examination after injection of Micropaque into the central vein. Numerous connections of intra-and extraglandular veins were demonstrated. They varied in calibre from a few microns to 2 mm. The distribution of anastomoses was not uniform. They was much more numerous of the anterior aspect than on the posterior of renal surfaces of the gland. The anastomoses play an important part in adrenal function and adrenal circulation, creating the possibilty of bidirectional onflow of the venous blood from the gland. Such venous arrangement permits to ligate safely the central vein and to fill both venous systems (intra-and extraglandular) with opaque medium during adrenophlebography.
为确定静脉模式，对220例人类肾上腺的组织学标本、微血管造影照片以及腐蚀和解剖标本进行了评估。在将微球剂注入中央静脉后，对所有腺体进行检查。结果显示，腺体内外静脉存在大量连接。其管径从几微米到2毫米不等。吻合口的分布并不均匀。腺体肾面的前侧比后侧的吻合口多得多。这些吻合口在肾上腺功能和肾上腺血液循环中起着重要作用，使得静脉血能够从腺体双向流入。这种静脉排列方式允许在肾上腺静脉造影时安全地结扎中央静脉，并使用不透光介质充盈两个静脉系统（腺体内和腺体外）。
