Ahijevych K, Parsley L A
Ohio State University, College of Nursing, Columbus 43210, USA.
Addict Behav. 1999 Jan-Feb;24(1):115-20. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00031-8.
Differences in smoke constituent exposure by ethnicity and menthol preference and differences in decisional balance and habit strength by stage of change, ethnicity, and menthol preference were examined in this 2-factor study design. Ninety-five women, half of whom were Black and half of who smoked menthol cigarettes, participated in a cigarette smoking bout in the Clinical Research Center. Measures of smoking topography, plasma cotinine and nicotine, and expired carbon monoxide were obtained in addition to self-report of the pros and cons of smoking, time to first cigarette, and smoking history. Black women smoked significantly fewer cigarettes per day, but had higher cotinine levels compared to White women. Menthol smokers (n = 49) had significantly larger puff volumes, higher cotinine levels, and shorter time to first cigarette compared to nonmenthol smokers (n = 46). Precontemplators (n = 44) were significantly lower on beliefs about the negative aspects of smoking compared to contemplators and those in preparation stage. Black women, all stages combined, had higher negative beliefs about smoking than did White women. Implications for assessment of smoking patterns and intervention are discussed.
在这个双因素研究设计中，研究了按种族和薄荷醇偏好划分的烟雾成分暴露差异，以及按改变阶段、种族和薄荷醇偏好划分的决策平衡和习惯强度差异。95名女性参与了临床研究中心的吸烟试验，其中一半是黑人，一半吸薄荷醇香烟。除了自我报告吸烟的利弊、吸第一支烟的时间和吸烟史外，还获取了吸烟行为特征、血浆可替宁和尼古丁以及呼出一氧化碳的测量数据。与白人女性相比，黑人女性每天吸烟显著更少，但可替宁水平更高。与非薄荷醇吸烟者（n = 46）相比，薄荷醇吸烟者（n = 49）的吸量显著更大、可替宁水平更高，且吸第一支烟的时间更短。与处于沉思阶段和准备阶段的人相比，未考虑戒烟者（n = 44）对吸烟负面影响的信念显著更低。综合所有阶段来看，黑人女性对吸烟的负面信念高于白人女性。本文讨论了对吸烟模式评估和干预的启示。
