Horst H S, Meuwissen M P, Smak J A, Van der Meijs C C
Department of Economics and Management, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands.
Rev Sci Tech. 1999 Apr;18(1):30-7. doi: 10.20506/rst.18.1.1145.
In Western Europe, the control and eradication of contagious animal diseases have always been subject to government legislation. In the event of an outbreak, the principal policy is 'stamping-out' (depopulation) of the infected herd. The owner of the herd is usually awarded financial compensation. The authors provide an overview of the involvement of the agriculture industry and government in animal disease emergencies and the funding of compensation in Western Europe. In particular, developments within the European Union are described, as illustrated by a case study in the Netherlands. The economic consequences of a widespread epidemic of classical swine fever (hog cholera) in the Netherlands in 1997 are described. Evaluation of the epidemic demonstrated that special emphasis needs to be placed on factors such as the high-risk period, animal movement, the attitude of farmers towards risk and the structure of compensation. Epidemic disease insurance schemes are considered to be a possible alternative in alleviating certain financial losses caused by disease outbreaks.
在西欧，传染性动物疾病的控制与根除一直都受到政府立法的约束。一旦爆发疫情，主要政策是对感染畜群进行“扑杀”（种群灭绝）。畜群所有者通常会获得经济补偿。作者概述了西欧农业产业和政府在动物疾病紧急情况中的参与情况以及补偿资金的情况。特别描述了欧盟内部的发展情况，并以荷兰的一个案例研究为例进行说明。描述了1997年荷兰发生的经典猪瘟（猪霍乱）广泛流行的经济后果。对该疫情的评估表明，需要特别强调高风险期、动物流动、农民对风险的态度以及补偿结构等因素。疫病保险计划被认为是减轻疾病爆发造成的某些经济损失的一种可能选择。
