Improving drug use: a case study of events which led to changes in use of flucloxacillin in Australia.

Policy makers and health professionals charged with implementing policies to improve medication use require knowledge as to how to integrate and co-ordinate strategies and interventions which have been shown to be effective. Experimental methodologies are commonly used to assess the effectiveness of interventions to improve medication use and while valuable for determining the effectiveness of particular interventions, they do not add to our understanding of how to co-ordinate and integrate multiple initiatives to improve medication use. We argue that analyses of the overall system of events which are implemented to improve medication use are also needed. In this paper, we demonstrate how the case study analysed within the framework of the Transtheoretical Model of behaviour change can be used to provide an understanding of the relationship of events which result in changes in medication use. A case study of the sequence of events which led to changes in the utilisation of flucloxacillin in Australia is assessed. The analysis demonstrated that the effectiveness of individual interventions was dependent upon the initiatives which were implemented concurrently and those that had been implemented previously. Changes in the utilisation of flucloxacillin resulted from regulatory interventions and the promotion of appropriate alternative therapies. The effectiveness of this change was enhanced by previous interventions which had raised awareness amongst health professionals of the adverse hepatic reaction associated with the use of flucloxacillin. This methodology adds to those currently employed to study methods of improving use of medications. It provides an understanding of the role of each initiative in the overall system. This is valuable for policy makers, providing them with information on how to co-ordinate and orchestrate the myriad of activities which support quality use of medicines.