Konstantaki M, Swaine I L
Physiology of Exercise, School of P.E., Sport and Leisure, De Montfort University Bedford, UK.
Int J Sports Med. 1999 Feb;20(2):118-21. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-971104.
Investigations into the changes due to training in the metabolism of the arms or the legs in swimmers of different training status are limited. The purpose of this study was to compare the lactate and cardiopulmonary responses to simulated arm-pulling and leg-kicking in collegiate and recreational swimmers. Sixteen males (9 collegiate swimmers; SW, 7 recreational swimmers; RSW, mean+/-SD; age 22+/-3 years, body mass 81+/-9 kg, stature 1.84+/-0.06 m), gave written consent and performed continuous incremental exercise tests using either simulated front-crawl arm-pulling or leg-kicking. Lactate concentration (HLa) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were determined at 20 W intervals and at exhaustion (HLa(peak); VO2(peak)). The exercise intensity at a lactate concentration of 4 mM (EI4mM) and at exhaustion (EI(peak)) for arm-pulling and leg-kicking were also established. The arm:leg ratios for EI4mM, HLa(peak) and VO2(peak) were computed. The results showed that for arm-pulling, the SW had higher EI4mM (P=0.02), EI(peak) (P=0.006), but lower HLa(peak) (P=0.03) compared to the RSW. For leg-kicking, none of the responses differed significantly. These results suggest that it is rather the metabolism and local muscle endurance of the arms that are enhanced with competitive swimming endurance.
针对不同训练水平的游泳运动员手臂或腿部代谢因训练而发生的变化的研究十分有限。本研究的目的是比较大学生游泳运动员和业余游泳爱好者在模拟划臂和踢腿时的乳酸和心肺反应。16名男性（9名大学生游泳运动员；SW，7名业余游泳爱好者；RSW，平均±标准差；年龄22±3岁，体重81±9千克，身高1.84±0.06米）签署了书面同意书，并使用模拟自由泳划臂或踢腿进行了连续递增运动测试。每隔20瓦以及运动至力竭时（血乳酸峰值；摄氧量峰值）测定血乳酸浓度（HLa）和摄氧量（VO₂）。还确定了划臂和踢腿时血乳酸浓度为4毫摩尔时的运动强度（EI4mM）以及力竭时的运动强度（EI(峰值)）。计算了EI4mM、血乳酸峰值和摄氧量峰值的臂腿比。结果显示，对于划臂，与业余游泳爱好者相比，大学生游泳运动员的EI4mM更高（P = 0.02），EI(峰值)更高（P = 0.006），但血乳酸峰值更低（P = 0.03）。对于踢腿，各项反应均无显著差异。这些结果表明，竞技游泳耐力增强的是手臂的代谢和局部肌肉耐力。
