Rodríguez F A, Lätt E, Jürimäe J, Maestu J, Purge P, Rämson R, Haljaste K, Keskinen K L, Jürimäe T
INEFC - Barcelona Sport Science Research Group, Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Institute of Sport Pedagogy and Coaching Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Int J Sports Med. 2016 Mar;37(3):191-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1554695. Epub 2015 Nov 17.
The VO2 response to extreme-intensity exercise and its relationship with sports performance are largely unexplored. This study investigated the pulmonary VO2 kinetics during all-out 100-m front crawl whole stroke swimming (S), arm stroke (A) and leg kick (L). 26 male and 10 female competitive swimmers performed an all-out S trial followed by A and L of equal duration in random order. Breath-by-breath VO2 was measured using a snorkel attached to a portable gas analyzer. Mean (±SD) primary component parameters and peak blood lactate (Lapeak) during S, A, and L were, respectively: time delay (s), 14.2 ± 4.7, 14.3 ± 4.5, 15.6 ± 5.1; amplitude (ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)), 46.8 ± 6.1, 37.3 ± 6.9, 41.0 ± 4.7; time constant (τ, s): 9.2 ± 3.2, 12.4 ± 4.7, 10.1 ± 3.2; Lapeak (mmol·l(-1)), 6.8 ± 3.1, 6.3 ± 2.5, 7.9 ± 2.8. During A and L respectively, 80% and 87% of amplitude in S was reached, whereas A+L were 68% greater than in S. 100-m performance was associated to shorter cardiodynamic phase and greater VO2 amplitude and Lapeak (accounting up to 61% of performance variance), but not to τ. We conclude that (i) VO2 gain was proportional to exercise intensity and muscle mass involved, (ii) kicking is metabolically less efficient, and (iii) the main limiting factor of peak VO2 appears to be O2 delivery and not muscle extraction.
对于极限强度运动的VO₂反应及其与运动表现的关系，目前在很大程度上尚未得到充分研究。本研究调查了在全力进行100米自由泳全划水（S）、划臂（A）和踢腿（L）过程中的肺部VO₂动力学。26名男性和10名女性竞技游泳运动员以随机顺序进行了一次全力S试验，随后进行了持续时间相同的A和L试验。使用连接到便携式气体分析仪的呼吸管逐次测量VO₂。S、A和L期间的平均（±标准差）主要成分参数和峰值血乳酸（Lapeak）分别为：延迟时间（秒），14.2±4.7、14.3±4.5、15.6±5.1；幅度（毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹），46.8±6.1、37.3±6.9、41.0±4.7；时间常数（τ，秒）：9.2±3.2、12.4±4.7、10.1±3.2；Lapeak（毫摩尔·升⁻¹），6.8±3.1、6.3±2.5、7.9±2.8。在A和L期间，分别达到了S中幅度的80%和87%，而A+L比S大68%。100米成绩与较短的心脏动力学阶段、更大的VO₂幅度和Lapeak相关（占成绩差异的61%），但与τ无关。我们得出结论：（i）VO₂增加与运动强度和所涉及的肌肉量成正比，（ii）踢腿在代谢方面效率较低，（iii）VO₂峰值 的主要限制因素似乎是氧气输送而非肌肉摄取。
