Propofol: application in veterinary sedation and anesthesia.

Propofol can be used for sedation, induction of anesthesia, and maintenance of anesthesia in small animal patients. In all these situations recovery from its effects is typically rapid and smooth. The drug should be administered slowly, intravenously, to minimize the negative cardiac and respiratory effects seen after rapid bolus administration. The currently available formulations do not contain preservatives, and sterile technique should be strictly followed during its use. Propofol can be used for induction of anesthesia in patients with preexisting disease with minimal delays in recovery. It does not cause excitement at low doses so is also useful for sedation of patients undergoing nonpainful procedures such as radiological examination. This review focuses on the diverse clinical applications for propofol in a small animal practice including indications, recommendations, and contraindications as well as a discussion of the controversies that surround its use.