甲型至戊型及庚型肝炎病毒的性传播与预防
Sexual transmission and prevention of the hepatitis viruses A-E and G.
作者信息
Brook M G
机构信息
Patrick Clements Clinic, Central Middlesex Hospital, London.
出版信息
Sex Transm Infect. 1998 Dec;74(6):395-8. doi: 10.1136/sti.74.6.395.
OBJECTIVES
To assess current knowledge about the potential for sexual transmission of the hepatitis viruses A-E and G and how to prevent any such transmission.
METHOD
A search of published literature identified through Medline 1966-June 1998 (Ovid v 3.0), the Cochrane Library and reference lists taken from each article obtained. Textword and MeSH searches for hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, G, delta, GB virus, GBV-C were linked to searches under the textword terms sex$, vaccine$, prevent$, and MeSH subheadings, epidemiology, transmission, prevention, and control.
CONCLUSIONS
There is evidence for heterosexual transmission of hepatitis B, C, D, and G and homosexual transmission of hepatitis A-D and G. Condoms are an effective method for preventing transmission by penetrative vaginal or anal sex although spread of types A and B are linked also to oro-anal sex. Hepatitis types A and B can be prevented by pre- and post-exposure active or passive immunisation. There is still some uncertainty about appropriate target groups for pre-exposure vaccination, particularly against hepatitis A.
目的
评估目前关于甲型至戊型及庚型肝炎病毒性传播可能性的知识，以及如何预防此类传播。
方法
检索1966年至1998年6月通过Medline（Ovid v 3.0）、Cochrane图书馆以及从每篇获取文章的参考文献列表中确定的已发表文献。使用文本词和医学主题词（MeSH）检索甲型、乙型、丙型、丁型、戊型、庚型肝炎、δ病毒、GB病毒、GBV-C，并与文本词“sex$”“vaccine$”“prevent$”以及MeSH副标题“流行病学”“传播”“预防”和“控制”下的检索相关联。
结论
有证据表明乙型、丙型、丁型和庚型肝炎存在异性传播，甲型至丁型和庚型肝炎存在同性传播。避孕套是预防经阴道或肛门性交传播的有效方法，尽管甲型和乙型肝炎的传播也与口交有关。甲型和乙型肝炎可通过暴露前和暴露后主动或被动免疫预防。对于暴露前疫苗接种的合适目标人群，尤其是针对甲型肝炎，仍存在一些不确定性。
Zotero 插件