Straube A, Riedel M, Eggert T, Müller N
Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1999;249(1):1-6. doi: 10.1007/s004060050058.
Saccadic eye movements were elicited in 30 schizophrenic patients before and in 17 of these 30 during antipsychotic treatment with neuroleptics, and compared with those of 12 age-matched controls under three different conditions: (a) the gap paradigm, which tests the visually triggered and visually guided saccades; (b) the anti-task paradigm, which tests the internally guided, visually triggered saccades; and (c) the memory paradigm, which tests the internally triggered and guided saccades. Eye movements were recorded by DC electro-oculography, and the peak eye velocities for the different saccades were calculated. We found that antipsychotic treatment with neuroleptics reduces the peak saccadic eye velocity. This effect is larger for internally guided saccades than for externally triggered and guided eye movements. The saccadic velocity of the unmedicated schizophrenic patients did not differ from that of the controls. Since patients with diseases of the basal ganglia primarily show abnormalities of the internally guided and triggered saccades, our findings indicate that neuroleptics influence the oculomotor loop through the basal ganglia and that this loop, by means of neuroleptic influence on the brainstem saccadic burst generator, also influences the peak velocity of the internally guided saccades. This contradicts the current idea of the role of the cortical input to the brainstem saccadic burst generator, which is thought to not be involved in the determination of saccadic velocity.
对30名精神分裂症患者在服用抗精神病药物（神经阻滞剂）治疗前及其中17名患者治疗期间进行扫视眼动测试，并与12名年龄匹配的对照者在三种不同条件下的扫视眼动进行比较：(a) 间隙范式，用于测试视觉触发和视觉引导的扫视；(b) 反任务范式，用于测试内部引导、视觉触发的扫视；(c) 记忆范式，用于测试内部触发和引导的扫视。通过直流眼电图记录眼动，并计算不同扫视的峰值眼速度。我们发现，使用神经阻滞剂进行抗精神病治疗会降低扫视眼的峰值速度。这种影响对于内部引导的扫视比对外部触发和引导的眼动更大。未服药的精神分裂症患者的扫视速度与对照者没有差异。由于基底神经节疾病患者主要表现出内部引导和触发扫视的异常，我们的研究结果表明，神经阻滞剂通过基底神经节影响动眼神经环路，并且该环路通过神经阻滞剂对脑干扫视爆发发生器的影响，也影响内部引导扫视的峰值速度。这与目前关于皮质输入到脑干扫视爆发发生器作用的观点相矛盾，后者被认为与扫视速度的确定无关。
