Crawford P, Johnson A J, Brown B J, Nolan P
University of Birmingham, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1999 Feb;29(2):331-40. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.00893.x.
A great deal of the caring work of nursing is accomplished and mediated through language. This paper attempts to characterize some of this language in quantitative and stylistic terms in an attempt to characterize the genre of nursing report language. Nursing students (n = 26) and graduate nurses (n = 3) viewed a videotape of a person being interviewed by a psychiatrist and produced written reports. These showed a large proportion of words relating to the person and to feelings and needs, compared to existing databases of the English language in general. The language produced by the participants also contained many modal or modifying words and is similar to spoken rather than written English in terms of the proportion of lexical content. There was much diversity in their descriptions and the vocabulary used to refer to the client. Graduate nurses showed more scepticism of the evidence provided by the video and advocated more investigation and questioning of the client. The use of standard forms and techniques of expression suggests that these reports were assembled on a language production line. Finally, we advocate a more systematic approach to educating nursing students about the power of the language they use.
护理工作中的大量关怀性工作是通过语言来完成和传递的。本文试图从数量和文体角度对其中一些语言进行描述，以界定护理报告语言的类型。护理专业学生（n = 26）和注册护士（n = 3）观看了一段精神病医生对一个人进行访谈的录像，并撰写书面报告。与一般英语现有语料库相比，这些报告显示出很大比例的词汇与被访谈者以及情感和需求相关。参与者所使用的语言还包含许多情态或修饰性词汇，就词汇内容比例而言，更类似于英语口语而非书面英语。他们的描述以及用于指代服务对象的词汇存在很大差异。注册护士对录像提供的证据表现出更多怀疑态度，并主张对服务对象进行更多调查和询问。标准表达形式和技巧的使用表明这些报告是按照语言生产线模式撰写的。最后，我们主张采用一种更系统的方法来教育护理专业学生认识到他们所使用语言的影响力。
