Fullilove R E, Fullilove M T, Northridge M E, Ganz M L, Bassett M T, McLean D E, Aidala A A, Gemson D H, McCord C
Harlem Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University/Harlem Hospital Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 1999 Apr;16(3 Suppl):22-8. doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00146-9.
In 1980, age-adjusted mortality rates in Central Harlem were the highest among New York City's 30 health districts. This population-based study was designed to describe the self-reported frequency of selected health conditions, behavioral risk factors, preventive health practices, and drug use in the Harlem community.
From 1992 to 1994, in-person interviews were conducted among 695 adults aged 18 to 65 years who were randomly selected from dwelling-unit enumeration lists for the Central Harlem health district. Descriptive statistics were computed for men and women separately, and compared to other population-based surveys.
Self-reported medical insurance coverage in Harlem was unexpectedly high (74% of men, 86% of women) as was lifetime use of preventive health practices, e.g., blood cholesterol screening (58% of men, 70% of women). However, lifetime rates of substance use, e.g. crack cocaine (14%) and self-reported history of traumatic events, e.g., witnessing someone seriously injured or violently killed (49% of men, 21% of women) were also high in Harlem, especially in comparison to other populations.
This study has identified important patterns of similarities and differences in risk behaviors between Harlem and other populations. Potential solutions to the health problems of Harlem may lie in the creation of strategies that operate at the community, municipal, and regional level, as well as at the level of individual behavior and risk-taking.
1980年，纽约市30个卫生区中，哈莱姆中部的年龄调整死亡率最高。这项基于人群的研究旨在描述哈莱姆社区自我报告的特定健康状况、行为危险因素、预防性健康行为及药物使用情况的频率。
1992年至1994年，对从哈莱姆中部卫生区居住单元枚举清单中随机抽取的695名18至65岁成年人进行了面对面访谈。分别计算了男性和女性的描述性统计数据，并与其他基于人群的调查进行了比较。
哈莱姆社区自我报告的医疗保险覆盖率出人意料地高（男性为74%，女性为86%），预防性健康行为的终生使用率也是如此，例如血液胆固醇筛查（男性为58%，女性为70%）。然而，哈莱姆社区药物使用的终生率，例如快克可卡因（14%）以及自我报告的创伤事件史，例如目睹某人受重伤或被暴力杀害（男性为49%，女性为21%）也很高，尤其是与其他人群相比。
本研究确定了哈莱姆社区与其他人群在风险行为方面异同的重要模式。解决哈莱姆社区健康问题的潜在办法可能在于制定在社区、市和区域层面以及个人行为和冒险层面发挥作用的策略。
