Ohsako S, Elkon K B
Hospital for Special Surgery - Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA.
Cell Death Differ. 1999 Jan;6(1):13-21. doi: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400459.
The immune system is unusual in two respects. It produces billions of new cells daily that traffic throughout the body and cells within the system proliferate rapidly following exposure to an infectious agent. Both of these attributes require that cell production be regulated by cell death. Human diseases characterized by accelerated cell death leading to immunodeficiency disorders or by reduced cell death leading to systemic autoimmune diseases have been identified. In certain autoimmune diseases, the immune system directs its powerful cytotoxic effector mechanisms against specialized cells such as oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis, the beta cells of the pancreas in diabetes mellitus and thyrocytes in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In this review, we examine the cytotoxic effector pathways implicated in cell death in organ specific autoimmune disorders.
免疫系统在两个方面与众不同。它每天产生数十亿个新细胞，这些细胞在全身循环，并且该系统内的细胞在接触感染因子后会迅速增殖。这两个特性都要求细胞生成受到细胞死亡的调节。已经发现了以加速细胞死亡导致免疫缺陷疾病或以细胞死亡减少导致全身性自身免疫疾病为特征的人类疾病。在某些自身免疫疾病中，免疫系统会将其强大的细胞毒性效应机制导向特定细胞，例如多发性硬化症中的少突胶质细胞、糖尿病中的胰腺β细胞以及桥本甲状腺炎中的甲状腺细胞。在本综述中，我们研究了器官特异性自身免疫疾病中与细胞死亡相关的细胞毒性效应途径。
