Langston M M, Procter J L, Cipolone K M, Stroncek D F
Department of Transfusion Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1184, USA.
Transfusion. 1999 Mar;39(3):300-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1999.39399219288.x.
The gel agglutination assay has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an alternative to the tube assay for the detection of red cell antibodies. It has also been approved recently by the Food and Drug Administration for ABO blood grouping and D typing.
Tube and gel agglutination assays were compared for ABO grouping and D typing of 100 donor and 100 patient specimens. ABO grouping of 14 specimens of known ABO groups and D typing of 10 specimens with weak D were also compared. When antigen typing or isohemagglutinin results differed, gel testing was repeated by the use of modified incubation times, reagent or specimen volumes, and red cell concentrations.
ABO grouping and D typing in all patient and donor specimens concurred. B isohemagglutinins were not detected in seven group A specimens. Six of seven discrepancies were resolved when gel tests were incubated at room temperature with increased serum or plasma volume. Weak D was detected in all 10 specimens tested by both assays. When weak A and/or B were tested with monoclonal antibody reagents, the correct phenotypes were identified in 9 specimens by gel assay and in 10 by tube assay. Using human antisera, 6 specimens were correctly phenotyped by gel assay and 7 by tube assay.
The gel assay performed as well as the tube assay in detection of A, B, and D, but the tube assay was slightly better at detecting B isohemagglutinins. The gel assay can be used in place of the tube assay for ABO blood grouping and D typing.
凝胶凝集试验已获美国食品药品监督管理局批准，可作为检测红细胞抗体的试管试验的替代方法。最近它也获得了美国食品药品监督管理局对ABO血型鉴定和D抗原定型的批准。
对100份供者标本和100份患者标本进行ABO血型鉴定和D抗原定型，比较试管凝集试验和凝胶凝集试验。还比较了14份已知ABO血型标本的ABO血型鉴定以及10份弱D标本的D抗原定型。当抗原分型或同种血凝素结果不同时，通过改变孵育时间、试剂或标本体积以及红细胞浓度，重复进行凝胶试验。
所有患者和供者标本的ABO血型鉴定和D抗原定型结果一致。在7份A型标本中未检测到B同种血凝素。当凝胶试验在室温下增加血清或血浆体积孵育时，7例差异中有6例得到解决。两种试验检测的所有10份标本中均检测到弱D。用单克隆抗体试剂检测弱A和/或弱B时，凝胶试验在9份标本中鉴定出正确的血型表型，试管试验在10份标本中鉴定出正确的血型表型。用人抗血清检测时，凝胶试验在6份标本中正确鉴定出血型表型，试管试验在7份标本中正确鉴定出血型表型。
凝胶试验在检测A、B和D抗原方面与试管试验效果相当，但试管试验在检测B同种血凝素方面略胜一筹。凝胶试验可用于替代试管试验进行ABO血型鉴定和D抗原定型。
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