Richet G
Académie Nationale de Médecine, Paris, France.
Am J Nephrol. 1999;19(2):274-81. doi: 10.1159/000013461.
Some contributions: (1) urinary urea, its chemical composition and physiological meaning, Fourcroy and Vauquelin (1790-1808); (2) in binephrectomized animals blood urea is high and chemically identical to that of urine, Prevost and Dumas (1821); (3) urea level in renal vein blood is 50% of that in the arteries, Picard (1856); (4) retained potassium is the uremic poison, Feltz and Ritter (1881); (5) polyuria induced by intravenous injections of sugars or urea, Richet and Moutard Martin (1880); is the kidney in command of the concentration of the blood? Using cryoscopy, Hédon got the clue, the osmotic load (1900); (6) methylene dye excretion measures the global renal function and thus the degree of renal failure, Achard and Castaigne (1897); (7) the disentanglement of chronic uremia and edema, Widal and Achard (1900-1910); (8) evaluation of the global renal function by the ratio plasma urea/urine urea output, Ambard's Constant (1905), initial step of the concept of clearance; (9) a circulating nephropoietic factor in one-kidney animals, Carnot (1910). In bled animals he also disclosed a hemopoietic factor which later became the renal erythropoietin.
（1）尿尿素、其化学成分及生理意义，富尔克鲁瓦和沃克兰（1790 - 1808年）；（2）双侧肾切除动物的血尿素升高，且化学性质与尿尿素相同，普雷沃斯特和杜马斯（1821年）；（3）肾静脉血中的尿素水平是动脉血中尿素水平的50%，皮卡德（1856年）；（4）潴留的钾是尿毒症毒素，费尔茨和里特尔（1881年）；（5）静脉注射糖或尿素引起多尿，里歇和穆塔尔·马丁（1880年）；肾脏控制着血液浓度吗？通过冰点测定法，埃东得到了线索，即渗透负荷（1900年）；（6）亚甲蓝排泄量可衡量整体肾功能，从而反映肾衰竭程度，阿沙尔和卡斯塔涅（1897年）；（7）慢性尿毒症与水肿的鉴别，维达尔和阿沙尔（1900 - 1910年）；（8）通过血浆尿素/尿尿素排出率评估整体肾功能，安巴尔常数（1905年），清除率概念的初步阶段；（9）一侧肾动物体内的循环促肾生成因子，卡尔诺（1910年）。在放血动物中，他还发现了一种造血因子，后来成为肾促红细胞生成素。
