Pitfalls of transhepatic portal venography and therapeutic coronary vein occlusion.

Coronary vein occlusions via transhepatic portography for bleeding esophageal varices was attempted in 24 patients. Problems occurred that either prevented the attempt or resulted in less than adequate occlusion. These included blood flow in the left gastric (coronary) vein toward the liver due to occluded or stenotic splenorenal shunts, spontaneous left gastric vein to inferior vena cava shunts, and failure of powdered Gelfoam and heat-treated autogenous clot to cause permanent occlusion. Of 89 total transhepatic portographies, 65 for diagnosis and 24 for occlusion, major complications occurred in two.