Verma M, Chhatwal J, Kaur G
Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India.
Indian Pediatr. 1998 Dec;35(12):1181-6.
To assess the prevalence of anemia among urban school children of Punjab.
Cross sectional study.
Urban schools of Ludhiana, Punjab.
Two thousand school children of 5-15 years age.
Relevant history was taken and a complete physical examination done in all the children. Hemoglobin was estimated using cynmethemoglobin method and peripheral blood smears were also examined. Anemia was diagnosed when hemoglobin was less than 11 g/dl for children of 5-6 years age and 12 g/dl for more than 6 years age.
Overall prevalence of anemia was 51.5%. Girls had a significantly higher prevalence of anemia except at 5 years and 10-12 years age. More menarcheal girls were anemic as compared to non-menarcheal ones. The prevalence of anemia was high (38%) even in higher socioeconomic groups. Nearly half (47.6%) of well nourished children were anemic. The mean Hb also was lower than expected normal values in both nutritional groups. Compared to non-vegetarians (38%), more vegetarians (65.9%) were anemic. The commonest blood picture seen was microcytic hypochromic (55.4%).
The present study revealed a high prevalence of anemia among healthy urban school children of higher socio-economic classes. Vegetarians and girls, especially after menarche were more at risk to develop anemia.
评估旁遮普邦城市学童贫血症的患病率。
横断面研究。
旁遮普邦卢迪亚纳市的城市学校。
2000名5至15岁的学童。
对所有儿童进行相关病史采集和全面体格检查。采用氰化高铁血红蛋白法测定血红蛋白，并检查外周血涂片。5至6岁儿童血红蛋白低于11 g/dl、6岁以上儿童血红蛋白低于12 g/dl时诊断为贫血。
贫血症总体患病率为51.5%。除5岁以及10至12岁年龄段外，女孩贫血症患病率显著更高。与未初潮女孩相比，初潮女孩贫血的更多。即使在社会经济地位较高的群体中，贫血症患病率也很高（38%）。近一半（47.6%）营养良好的儿童患有贫血。两个营养组的平均血红蛋白水平也低于预期正常值。与非素食者（38%）相比，素食者贫血的更多（65.9%）。最常见的血象是小细胞低色素性贫血（55.4%）。
本研究显示，社会经济阶层较高的健康城市学童中贫血症患病率很高。素食者和女孩，尤其是初潮后女孩患贫血症的风险更高。
