Siva P M, Sobha A, Manjula V D
Senior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College , Kottayam, Kerala, India .
Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Government T.D. Medical College , Alappuzha, Kerala, India .
J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Nov;10(11):LC19-LC23. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/20939.8938. Epub 2016 Nov 1.
Adolescent age group is the window of opportunity to correct nutritional status of children. If we intervene correctly during this period we can prevent future consequences of nutritional deficiencies. Very few studies have been conducted in kerala regarding adolescent anaemia.
To estimate prevalence of anaemia and its associated factors among adolescent girls of central Kerala, India.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 257 adolescent girls of ettumanoor panchayat, the field practice area of Government Medical College, Kottayam. A pre-designed and pre-tested proforma was used to obtain data regarding socio-demographic details and factors associated with anaemia. Relevant clinical examination of participants were done. Blood samples were analysed using an auto-analyser and stool examination for ova or cyst was done under microscopy. Diagnosis of anaemia was established when haemoglobin was less than 12gm/dl. Data analysis was done using SPSS 16.0. Association between Categorical variables were tested with Chi-square test and continuous variables independent t-test was used. Logistic regression was used to find out independent risk factors. The level of significance was fixed at p-value of < 0.05.
The prevalence of anaemia was 21%. Risk factors associated with anaemia in the univariate analysis were presence of ova or cyst in stool (p = 0.003, OR = 2.94) and number of pads per day during menstruation (p = 0.004). Protective factors were hand washing after toileting (p = 0.021, OR = 0.311), hand washing before food intake (p = 0.026, OR = 0.5), foot wear usage (p = 0.022, OR = 0.25) and jaggery consumption (0.042). The factors which were significant in logistic regression were worm infestation, number of pads per day, washing hands before food intake and foot wear usage.
Worm infestation and number of pads per day during menstruation were found to be risk factors for anaemia. Personal hygiene practices like hand washing and foot wear usage were found to be protective factors.
青少年时期是纠正儿童营养状况的机会之窗。如果在此期间进行正确干预，我们就能预防营养缺乏症的未来后果。在喀拉拉邦，针对青少年贫血的研究极少。
评估印度喀拉拉邦中部青少年女孩贫血的患病率及其相关因素。
在政府医学院科塔亚姆的实地实习区域埃图马努尔村开展了一项针对257名青少年女孩的横断面研究。使用预先设计和预先测试的表格获取有关社会人口学细节和贫血相关因素的数据。对参与者进行了相关临床检查。使用自动分析仪分析血样，并在显微镜下进行粪便虫卵或囊肿检查。当血红蛋白低于12克/分升时确诊为贫血。使用SPSS 16.0进行数据分析。分类变量之间的关联用卡方检验，连续变量用独立样本t检验。采用逻辑回归找出独立危险因素。显著性水平设定为p值<0.05。
贫血患病率为21%。单因素分析中与贫血相关的危险因素是粪便中存在虫卵或囊肿（p = 0.003，OR = 2.94）以及月经期间每天使用的卫生巾数量（p = 0.004）。保护因素是如厕后洗手（p = 0.021，OR = 0.311）、进食前洗手（p = 0.026，OR = 0.5）、穿鞋子（p = 0.022，OR = 0.25）和食用粗糖（0.042）。逻辑回归中具有显著性的因素是蠕虫感染、每天使用的卫生巾数量、进食前洗手和穿鞋子。
蠕虫感染和月经期间每天使用的卫生巾数量被发现是贫血的危险因素。洗手和穿鞋子等个人卫生习惯被发现是保护因素。
