Frommelt M A, Frommelt P C
Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 1999 Apr;46(2):427-39, xi. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70127-9.
Two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography has become the primary diagnostic tool in the assessment of infants and children with congenital and acquired heart disease. Over the past 10 years, specialized echocardiographic techniques have also become critical components in the evaluation and treatment of these patients. Using fetal echocardiography enables us to image the heart early in gestation and have begun to understand those lesions that can develop and progress in utero. Transesophageal echocardiography has allowed you to image the patient with congenital heart disease during repair in the operating room and in the cardiac catheterization laboratory so that adequacy of the repair can be assess and any residual lesions addressed immediately. Both of these specialized techniques are discussed in detail, with a brief overview at the three-dimensional future of echocardiography in the pediatric patient.
二维多普勒超声心动图已成为评估先天性和后天性心脏病婴幼儿的主要诊断工具。在过去10年中，专门的超声心动图技术也已成为这些患者评估和治疗的关键组成部分。使用胎儿超声心动图使我们能够在妊娠早期对心脏成像，并已开始了解那些可在子宫内发展和进展的病变。经食管超声心动图使我们能够在手术室和心导管检查实验室对先天性心脏病患者进行修复时成像，以便评估修复的充分性并立即处理任何残留病变。本文将详细讨论这两种专门技术，并简要概述儿科患者超声心动图的三维未来。
