Lotto R B, Williams S M, Purves D
Department of Neurobiology, Box 3209, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Apr 27;96(9):5245-50. doi: 10.1073/pnas.96.9.5245.
If Mach bands arise as an empirical consequence of real-world luminance profiles, several predictions follow. First, the appearance of Mach bands should accord with the appearance of naturally occurring highlights and lowlights. Second, altering the slope of an ambiguous luminance gradient so that it corresponds more closely to gradients that are typically adorned with luminance maxima and minima in the position of Mach bands should enhance the illusion. Third, altering a luminance gradient so that it corresponds more closely to gradients that normally lack luminance maxima and minima in the position of Mach bands should diminish the salience of the illusion. Fourth, the perception of Mach bands elicited by the same luminance gradient should be changed by contextual cues that indicate whether the gradient is more or less likely to signify a curved or a flat surface. Because each of these predictions is met, we conclude that Mach bands arise because the association elicited by the stimulus (the percept) incorporates these features as a result of past experience.
如果马赫带是现实世界亮度分布的经验结果，那么会有几个预测。首先，马赫带的出现应与自然出现的高光和低光的外观相符。其次，改变模糊亮度梯度的斜率，使其更接近通常在马赫带位置带有亮度最大值和最小值的梯度，应该会增强这种错觉。第三，改变亮度梯度，使其更接近通常在马赫带位置缺乏亮度最大值和最小值的梯度，应该会降低错觉的显著性。第四，相同亮度梯度引发的马赫带感知应该会因上下文线索而改变，这些线索表明该梯度更有可能或更不可能表示弯曲表面还是平坦表面。由于这些预测都得到了验证，我们得出结论，马赫带的出现是因为刺激（感知）引发的关联由于过去的经验而纳入了这些特征。
