Gerrard M, Gibbons F X, Zhao L, Russell D W, Reis-Bergan M
Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
J Stud Alcohol Suppl. 1999 Mar;13:32-44. doi: 10.15288/jsas.1999.s13.32.
The current study was designed to elucidate familial and social influences on adolescent alcohol consumption by testing three hypotheses derived from the prototype/willingness model of adolescent risk behavior: (1) parents' prototypes of adolescent drinkers affect adolescent consumption through their impact on adolescents' prototypes, (2) strong parent-child relationships are associated with acceptance of parental influence regarding drinking and thus with less adolescent drinking and (3) association with peers who drink dilutes parental influence over adolescents' alcohol consumption.
Two hundred sixty-six rural adolescents, ages 15 through 17 at Time 1, and their parents and siblings completed questionnaires about drinking behavior and drinking-related cognitions at 1-year intervals for 3 years.
Structural equation models provided evidence of transmission of prototypes of adolescent drinkers from parents to adolescents and evidence that these prototypes mediate adolescent alcohol consumption. They also provide evidence that although parents' prototypes and parent-adolescent relationships are important in shaping the adolescents' drinking, association with peers who drink significantly attenuates this influence.
These data suggest that parents can influence their children's drinking, but that this influence has more of an impact if the adolescent is not involved in a drinking-conducive peer environment. The current analyses also suggest that the process of becoming an adolescent drinker involves an active rejection of parents' influence rather than a passive movement away from parents' attitudes and beliefs-a process that is accelerated by association with peers who drink.
本研究旨在通过检验从青少年风险行为的原型/意愿模型得出的三个假设，来阐明家庭和社会对青少年饮酒的影响：（1）父母对青少年饮酒者的原型通过对青少年原型的影响来影响青少年饮酒；（2）牢固的亲子关系与接受父母对饮酒的影响相关，从而与青少年较少饮酒相关；（3）与饮酒的同伴交往会削弱父母对青少年饮酒行为的影响。
266名农村青少年（在第1阶段年龄为15至17岁）及其父母和兄弟姐妹在3年时间里每隔1年完成一次关于饮酒行为和与饮酒相关认知的问卷调查。
结构方程模型提供了父母对青少年饮酒者的原型向青少年传递的证据，以及这些原型介导青少年饮酒行为的证据。它们还提供了证据表明，虽然父母的原型和亲子关系在塑造青少年饮酒行为方面很重要，但与饮酒的同伴交往会显著削弱这种影响。
这些数据表明父母可以影响孩子的饮酒行为，但如果青少年没有处于有利于饮酒的同伴环境中，这种影响会更大。当前的分析还表明，成为青少年饮酒者的过程涉及对父母影响的主动拒绝，而不是被动地背离父母的态度和信念——与饮酒的同伴交往会加速这一过程。
