Cates W
Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-3905, USA.
Sex Transm Dis. 1999 Apr;26(4 Suppl):S2-7. doi: 10.1097/00007435-199904001-00002.
Accurate, updated estimates of the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in the United States remain elusive. The most widely quoted number of new sexually transmitted disease (STD) cases each year is 12 million. However, this figure has not changed in more than a decade, despite improvements in detection methods and the effects of STD control programs.
To propose a system for weighing the strength of STD surveillance data and to estimate the incidence and prevalence of STDs in the United States for 1996, using the available published data.
We estimate that more than 15 million STD infections occurred in the United States in 1996. This number exceeds the earlier estimate primarily because improved detection techniques have allowed an assessment of previously undiagnosed infections.
Large numbers of new STDs continue to occur each year in the United States, with serious health and economic consequences. More than two thirds of our current estimate of 15 million STDs annually consists of two infections--trichomoniasis and human papillomavirus--for which we have only level III surveillance data. As the quality of our surveillance data improves, we can further refine the precision of our national estimates.
在美国，对性传播感染发病率和患病率进行准确、及时的估计仍然困难重重。每年新发性传播疾病（STD）病例最常被引用的数字是1200万。然而，尽管检测方法有所改进且性传播疾病控制项目发挥了作用，但这个数字在十多年里一直没有变化。
提出一种权衡性传播疾病监测数据力度的系统，并利用已发表的现有数据估计1996年美国性传播疾病的发病率和患病率。
我们估计1996年美国发生了超过1500万例性传播感染。这个数字超过了先前的估计，主要是因为改进的检测技术能够对之前未诊断出的感染进行评估。
美国每年继续出现大量新发性传播疾病病例，带来严重的健康和经济后果。我们目前估计每年1500万例性传播疾病中，超过三分之二是由两种感染——滴虫病和人乳头瘤病毒引起的，而对于这两种感染我们只有三级监测数据。随着我们监测数据质量的提高，我们能够进一步提高国家估计的精度。
