美国男女人群中的性传播感染：2018 年的流行率和发病率估计。
Sexually Transmitted Infections Among US Women and Men: Prevalence and Incidence Estimates, 2018.
机构信息
From the Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention.
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
出版信息
Sex Transm Dis. 2021 Apr 1;48(4):208-214. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001355.
BACKGROUND
The most recent estimates of the number of prevalent and incident sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States were for 2008. We provide updated estimates for 2018 using new methods.
METHODS
We estimated the total number of prevalent and incident infections in the United States for 8 STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis, genital herpes, human papillomavirus, sexually transmitted hepatitis B, and sexually transmitted HIV. Updated per-capita prevalence and incidence estimates for each STI were multiplied by the 2018 full resident population estimates to calculate the number of prevalent and incident infections. STI-specific estimates were combined to generate estimates of the total number of prevalent and incident STIs overall, and by sex and age group. Primary estimates are represented by medians, and uncertainty intervals are represented by the 25th (Q1) and 75th (Q3) percentiles of the empirical frequency distributions of prevalence and incidence for each STI.
RESULTS
In 2018, there were an estimated 67.6 (Q1, 66.6; Q3, 68.7) million prevalent and 26.2 (Q1, 24.0; Q3, 28.7) million incident STIs in the United States. Chlamydia, trichomoniasis, genital herpes, and human papillomavirus comprised 97.6% of all prevalent and 93.1% of all incident STIs. Persons aged 15 to 24 years comprised 18.6% (12.6 million) of all prevalent infections; however, they comprised 45.5% (11.9 million) of all incident infections.
CONCLUSIONS
The burden of STIs in the United States is high. Almost half of incident STIs occurred in persons aged 15 to 24 years in 2018. Focusing on this population should be considered essential for national STI prevention efforts.
背景
美国最近一次对普遍存在和新出现的性传播感染（STI）数量的估计是在 2008 年。我们使用新方法提供了 2018 年的更新估计。
方法
我们估计了美国 8 种 STI（衣原体、淋病、滴虫病、梅毒、生殖器疱疹、人乳头瘤病毒、乙型肝炎性传播和 HIV 性传播）的普遍存在和新发病例感染的总数。每种 STI 的更新后人均患病率和发病率估计数乘以 2018 年的全部居民人口估计数，计算出普遍存在和新发病例感染的数量。将 STI 特异性估计数合并，以生成总体上普遍存在和新发病例的 STI 总数以及按性别和年龄组的估计数。主要估计数用中位数表示，不确定性区间用每个 STI 的患病率和发病率的经验频率分布的第 25（Q1）和第 75（Q3）百分位数表示。
结果
2018 年，美国估计有 6760 万（Q1，666；Q3，687）例普遍存在和 2620 万（Q1，240；Q3，287）例新发病例的 STI。衣原体、滴虫病、生殖器疱疹和人乳头瘤病毒占所有普遍存在和所有新发病例 STI 的 97.6%和 93.1%。年龄在 15 至 24 岁的人占所有普遍感染的 18.6%（1260 万）；然而，他们占所有新发病例的 45.5%（1190 万）。
结论
美国的 STI 负担很高。2018 年，近一半的新发病例发生在 15 至 24 岁的人群中。关注这一人群应被视为国家 STI 预防工作的关键。
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