Davies P
Eff Health Care. 1985;2(4):137-49.
This paper examines the relationship between alcohol control measures, alcohol consumption and selected indicators of alcohol related harm in fifteen countries of Europe and in Israel. A public health perspective on alcohol problems is developed in which alcohol related consequences, both positive and negative, are seen as emerging from the interaction of alcohol itself, the individuals who consume it and the physical and social environment. Consequently, a range of alcohol control and prevention measures is examined, some aimed at the availability of alcohol, other at those who drink alcohol and yet other at the environments in which drinking takes place and problems emerge. A rudimentary scale of alcohol control policy is presented, from which a classification of European countries in terms of alcohol control status is possible. Per capita alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mortality data in these countries are examined cross-sectionally and over time. These indicate that cross-sectionally there is, in general, a clear relationship between the alcohol control status of European countries and both per capita alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mortality. However, from a time series view there are some interesting exceptions to this general observation. Nonetheless, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that alcohol control and prevention measures are effective at controlling alcohol consumption and preventing the adverse consequences of drinking. Some considerations about alcohol control policy in Europe other than the control of availability are presented.
本文考察了欧洲15个国家以及以色列的酒精控制措施、酒精消费与酒精相关危害的选定指标之间的关系。本文提出了一种关于酒精问题的公共卫生视角，即认为与酒精相关的后果，无论是积极的还是消极的，都是由酒精本身、饮酒者个体以及物理和社会环境之间的相互作用产生的。因此，本文考察了一系列酒精控制和预防措施，一些措施针对酒精的可获得性，另一些针对饮酒者，还有一些针对饮酒发生及问题出现的环境。本文给出了一个基本的酒精控制政策量表，据此可以对欧洲国家的酒精控制状况进行分类。对这些国家的人均酒精消费量和肝硬化死亡率数据进行了横断面分析和长期分析。这些分析表明，从横断面来看，欧洲国家的酒精控制状况与人均酒精消费量和肝硬化死亡率之间总体上存在明显的关系。然而，从时间序列的角度来看，这一总体观察存在一些有趣的例外情况。尽管如此，有足够的证据表明，酒精控制和预防措施在控制酒精消费以及预防饮酒的不良后果方面是有效的。本文还提出了一些除控制酒精可获得性之外的关于欧洲酒精控制政策的考量。
