Safranski S R, Kwon I W, Walker W R, Unger M
Health Prog. 1986 Apr;67(3):49-51, 73.
Health care administrators should carefully consider the situations in which they apply management methods used in industry, since such methods may not be effective in motivating certain groups of hospital employees. Physicians, for example, may display little loyalty to the health care organization, even though as a group they exert significant influence on policies, standards, and administration. As a result, management styles such as Theory Z that focus on holistic concern, individual decision-making responsibility, and long-term employment guarantees may fail to interest them. Nurses also may be reluctant to commit themselves to an organization because of the high rate of turnover in their profession in recent years. Support staff, however, probably would be receptive to management techniques that offer security through long-term employment guarantees. Other factors necessary for the effective use of Theory Z industrial management techniques are a clear hierarchy with well-defined reporting relationships, moderately specialized career paths, and trust among employees that the organization's concern for their welfare is genuine. The key consideration, however, in applying any theory is that only those aspects which best serve the organization's needs should be adopted.
医疗保健管理人员应仔细考虑应用行业管理方法的情况，因为此类方法可能无法有效激励某些医院员工群体。例如，医生可能对医疗保健组织忠诚度不高，尽管作为一个群体，他们对政策、标准和管理施加着重大影响。因此，诸如Z理论等注重整体关怀、个人决策责任和长期就业保障的管理方式可能无法引起他们的兴趣。护士也可能因近年来其职业的高离职率而不愿全心投入一个组织。然而，辅助人员可能会接受通过长期就业保障提供安全感的管理技术。有效运用Z理论工业管理技术所需的其他因素包括具有明确报告关系的清晰层级、适度专业化的职业道路以及员工之间对组织真正关心其福利的信任。然而，应用任何理论的关键考量是，只应采用最能满足组织需求的那些方面。
