White S J, Generali J A
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1984 Jul;41(7):1361-6.
Concepts from theories of motivation are used to suggest methods for improving the motivational environment of hospital pharmacy departments. Motivation--the state of being stimulated to take action to achieve a goal or to satisfy a need--comes from within individuals, but hospital pharmacy managers can facilitate motivation by structuring the work environment so that it satisfies employees' needs. Concepts from several theories of motivation are discussed, including McGregor's theory X and theory Y assumptions, Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, Herzberg's motivation hygiene theory, and Massey's value system theory. Concepts from the Japanese style of management that can be used to facilitate motivation, such as quality circles, also are described. The autocratic, participative, and laissez faire styles of leadership are discussed in the context of the motivation theories, and suggested applications of theoretical concepts to practice are presented.
动机理论中的概念被用于提出改善医院药房激励环境的方法。动机——被激发采取行动以实现目标或满足需求的状态——源于个体内部，但医院药房管理者可以通过构建工作环境来促进动机，使其满足员工的需求。本文讨论了几种动机理论中的概念，包括麦格雷戈的X理论和Y理论假设、马斯洛的需求层次理论、赫茨伯格的激励保健理论以及梅西的价值系统理论。还描述了可用于促进动机的日式管理概念，如质量圈。在动机理论的背景下讨论了专制、参与和放任自由的领导风格，并介绍了理论概念在实践中的建议应用。
