Wilson M P, McCarter R J, McKay A B, Estime R
J Am Soc Inf Sci. 1988 Mar;39(2):113-7. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2<113::AID-ASI9>3.0.CO;2-K.
The critical elements of the change process were designed into the strategic planning process and the pilot project for the Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) at the University of Maryland. These elements were: Support by the institutional leadership; a critical mass of interested participants from diverse groups across the organization, committed to the project and with ownership of the plan; a motivating level of dissatisfaction with the status quo; the construction of a scenario describing the desired future and an assessment of needs to achieve it; technical and consulting help; a pilot project with replicable features to demonstrate the concept and feasibility of the approach; and participation of opinion leaders initially with later identification of additional opinion leaders who would become part of the pattern of acceptance of the innovation and diffusion of the technology across the campus.
变革过程的关键要素被纳入了马里兰大学综合学术信息管理系统(IAIMS)的战略规划过程和试点项目中。这些要素包括:机构领导层的支持;来自组织内不同群体的大量感兴趣的参与者,他们致力于该项目并对计划拥有自主权;对现状的不满达到激发变革的程度;构建一个描述理想未来的情景以及对实现该未来所需需求的评估;技术和咨询帮助;一个具有可复制特征的试点项目,以证明该方法的概念和可行性;意见领袖的参与,最初是这些意见领袖,随后确定更多意见领袖,他们将成为校园内接受创新和技术传播模式的一部分。