Zhao Z, Wu F
Department of Respiratory Disease, No. 201 Hospital, PLA, Dalian.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1998 Sep;32(5):289-91.
To determine the threshold of millimeter wave irradiation leading to fetal damage in mice and to clarify the mechanism of decrease in their learning and memory function.
Pregnant mice were irradiated by millimeter wave with frequencies of 37.4, 42.2, 53.0 and 60.0 GHz at power densities of 1 to 8 mW/cm2 for two hours daily from the 6th to 15th day of their gestation. Learning and memory functions of their offsprings were tested by a Y-type electric maze. M-cholinergic receptor (M-R), monoamine transmitter and arginine vasopressor (AVP) in the brain were determined for their offsprings by receptor radiation binding analysis (RBA), high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) and radioimmunoassay (RIA).
The minimal power density of millimeter wave of 37.4, 42.2, and 53.0, 60.0 GHz causing the decrease in learning and memory function, increase of Bmax in the hippocampus and decrease in dopamine (DA) in the brain of the adult offspring mice was five and three mW/cm2 and that causing the decrease in AVP in the hypothalamus was eight and five mW/cm2. Severity of damage in fetal offspring mice caused by irradiation increased with the power density of millimeter wave. Millimeter wave could not cause the increase of their body temperature in pregnant mice.
Threshold of millimeter wave with frequencies of 37.4, 42.2 and 53.0, 60.0 GHz causing fetal damage in mice was three to five mW/cm2 and one to three mW/cm2, respectively. The decrease in learning and memory functions in offspring mice related with lowering of AVP and DA in the brain and of activity in cholinergic nerve. All these were caused by the non-thermal effects of millimeter wave without a frequency-specific pattern.
确定导致小鼠胎儿损伤的毫米波照射阈值，并阐明其学习和记忆功能下降的机制。
妊娠小鼠于妊娠第6至15天，每天接受频率为37.4、42.2、53.0和60.0GHz的毫米波照射，功率密度为1至8mW/cm²，持续两小时。通过Y型电迷宫测试其后代的学习和记忆功能。采用受体放射配体结合分析（RBA）、高效液相色谱-电化学检测（HPLC-ECD）和放射免疫分析（RIA）测定其后代大脑中的M胆碱能受体（M-R）、单胺递质和精氨酸加压素（AVP）。
导致成年后代小鼠学习和记忆功能下降、海马体Bmax增加以及大脑中多巴胺（DA）减少的37.4、42.2、53.0和60.0GHz毫米波的最小功率密度分别为5和3mW/cm²，导致下丘脑AVP减少的最小功率密度分别为8和5mW/cm²。毫米波照射对胎儿后代小鼠造成的损伤严重程度随毫米波功率密度增加而增加。毫米波不会使妊娠小鼠体温升高。
频率为37.4、42.2、53.0和60.0GHz的毫米波导致小鼠胎儿损伤的阈值分别为3至5mW/cm²和1至3mW/cm²。后代小鼠学习和记忆功能下降与大脑中AVP和DA降低以及胆碱能神经活性降低有关。所有这些都是由毫米波的非热效应引起的，且无频率特异性模式。
