Bergant A, Nguyen T, Moser R, Ulmer H
Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde Innsbruck, Osterreich.
Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch. 1998;38(4):232-7. doi: 10.1159/000022270.
The aims of this investigation were to detect the prevalence and influencing factors of early postpartal depressive disorders in a large hospital sample.
By means of an interview we acquired information on sociodemographic data, physical and psychiatric anamnesis, obstetric and psychological variables. The German version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) served to determine the depressive disorder of our patients. The interview was carried out on 1,250 women at the maternity ward 5 days after delivery.
According to the results of the German validation of the EPDS, 254 (20.3%) women at the maternity ward had an at least mild depressive disorder. A comparison between nondepressed women (n = 996, 79.7%) and depressed women (n = 254, 20.3%) revealed the following risk factors for the development of an early postpartal depressive disorder: higher subjective burden of childbirth, higher trait anxiety, poorer couple compatibility, lower job satisfaction and lower social status. Of all the obstetric variables previous abortions, elevated pregnancy risks, low weight of the newborn at delivery and cesarean section were of significant influence.
Early postpartal depressive disorder appears in 20% of all women 5 days after delivery. According to previous studies this group seems to be at highest risk for developing a later postpartum depression. Considering the psychosocial and obstetric risk factors, preventive psychotherapeutic interventions at the maternity ward are indicated.
本调查旨在检测一家大型医院样本中产后早期抑郁障碍的患病率及影响因素。
通过访谈，我们获取了社会人口统计学数据、身体和精神病史、产科及心理变量等信息。采用德文版爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）来确定患者的抑郁障碍情况。访谈在1250名产妇产后5天于产科病房进行。
根据EPDS德文版验证结果，产科病房中有254名（20.3%）女性至少患有轻度抑郁障碍。对非抑郁女性（n = 996，79.7%）和抑郁女性（n = 254，20.3%）进行比较，发现产后早期抑郁障碍发生的以下风险因素：分娩主观负担较重、特质焦虑较高、夫妻关系较差、工作满意度较低以及社会地位较低。在所有产科变量中，既往流产、妊娠风险升高、分娩时新生儿体重低以及剖宫产有显著影响。
产后早期抑郁障碍在所有女性产后5天时的发生率为20%。根据以往研究，该群体似乎发生后期产后抑郁的风险最高。考虑到心理社会和产科风险因素，产科病房应进行预防性心理治疗干预。
