Lal H, Miksic S, Drawbaugh R, Numan R, Smith N
Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1976 Oct-Dec;11(4):251-62. doi: 10.1007/BF03000318.
We systematically paired auditory, olfactory, and social stimuli with each injection of morphine in rats. We found that, when morphine was kept constant at a low dose, the external stimuli acquired the property of a conditional stimulus (CS) to cause hyperthermia which was antagonized by naloxone. In rats in which morphine doses were regularly increased to cause morphine dependence, the CS presented during withdrawal, caused reduction in withdrawal signs (wet shakes, hypothermia, aggression) and produced hyperglycemia as well as elevation of striatal homovanillic acid. CS-induced alleviation of withdrawal hypothermia was blocked by mecamylamine, phenoxybenzamine, haloperidol, benztropine or naloxone but not by cyproheptadine or propranolol.
我们系统地将听觉、嗅觉和社交刺激与给大鼠每次注射吗啡配对。我们发现，当吗啡以低剂量保持恒定时，外部刺激获得了条件刺激（CS）的特性，可引起体温过高，而纳洛酮可拮抗这种作用。在定期增加吗啡剂量以导致吗啡依赖的大鼠中，戒断期间出现的CS可减轻戒断症状（湿抖、体温过低、攻击行为），并导致高血糖以及纹状体高香草酸升高。美加明、酚苄明、氟哌啶醇、苯海索或纳洛酮可阻断CS诱导的戒断体温过低的缓解，但赛庚啶或普萘洛尔则不能。
