Thomson A M, Davies S, Shepherd B, Whittaker K
School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Visiting, University of Manchester, UK.
Nurse Educ Today. 1999 Feb;19(2):93-106. doi: 10.1054/nedt.1999.0616.
The objective of this study was to ascertain the changing educational needs of community nurses, midwives and health visitors in relation to the teaching, supervising and assessing of pre- and post-registration students. A questionnaire was sent to all education institutions providing community nursing experience in England (Whittaker et al. 1997), which allowed identification of three centres for in-depth study. Questionnaires were sent to practitioners (community nurses and midwives, health visitors and school nurses), their managers, and teachers of community courses in the three centres: 314 were returned. Eight semi-structured interviews were undertaken with volunteers in each of the study centres (n = 24). Extensive demands are being made on community staff to provide learning experiences for students on a wide range of courses. Practitioners reported that in order to fulfil their teaching and assessing functions they needed continuing education in matters which would assist them to provide research-based practice and education, teaching and assessing in the community and personal skills, for example assertiveness and counselling. Less than a quarter of practitioners were undertaking continuing education courses. However, opportunities for further academic study varied enormously and most practitioners had to study in their own time at their own expense.
本研究的目的是确定社区护士、助产士和健康访视员在对注册前和注册后学生的教学、监督和评估方面不断变化的教育需求。向英格兰所有提供社区护理实习机会的教育机构发放了一份调查问卷（惠特克等人，1997年），据此确定了三个进行深入研究的中心。向三个中心的从业者（社区护士和助产士、健康访视员和学校护士）、他们的管理人员以及社区课程教师发放了调查问卷，共收回314份。在每个研究中心对志愿者进行了8次半结构化访谈（n = 24）。社区工作人员面临着广泛的要求，要为参加各种课程的学生提供学习体验。从业者报告称，为了履行教学和评估职能，他们需要在有助于提供循证实践与教育、社区教学与评估以及个人技能（如自信和咨询）等方面接受继续教育。不到四分之一的从业者参加了继续教育课程。然而，进一步学术学习的机会差异极大，大多数从业者不得不利用自己的时间自费学习。
