Experience with transdermal testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadal men.

BACKGROUND

None of the existing options for long-term testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) for hypogonadal men are ideal. Depot replacement at frequent intervals and implants are effective but invasive and inconvenient for the patient. Oral therapy results in poor hormone levels. Both are associated with undesirable metabolic changes. A transdermal formulation therefore represents a potential therapeutic advance for testosterone replacement.

OBJECTIVE

To carry out a clinical audit of the acceptability and efficacy as a treatment for hypogonadism of the first transdermal testosterone therapy available in the UK (Andropatch, SmithKline Beecham) compared with existing androgen replacement options.

PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS

Serum testosterone and questionnaire data on treatment efficacy, side-effects, therapy preference, sexual dysfunction and partner's attitudes to therapy were obtained from 50 hypogonadal men prescribed long-term testosterone replacement.

RESULTS

Eighty per cent of the men returned analysable questionnaires. Eighty-four per cent experienced adverse effects with transdermal therapy, most commonly dermatological problems; 22% of the sample elected to continue with transdermal therapy, 72% returned to depot and 5% returned to oral therapy. The reservoir patches were judged to be too large, uncomfortable, visually obtrusive and noisy. Testosterone levels were comparable to those obtained with depot replacement with the added advantage of a more physiological pharmacokinetic profile. Men taking oral preparations were consistently under-replaced.

CONCLUSIONS

Adverse events were substantially higher than reported from clinical trials but in keeping with the spectrum of yellow card reports received by the Committee on Safety of Medicines. The pharmacokinetic advantages are thus largely outweighed by low patient acceptability. In its present form transdermal therapy remains an expensive option for those who cannot tolerate depot testosterone replacement.