Tiensiwakul P
Department of Clinical Microscopy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Clin Lab Sci. 1998 Nov-Dec;11(6):336-8.
Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV-1) is normally carried out by serum testing for HIV-1 antibody. Recently, antibody testing in other body fluids such as saliva and urine have been attempted. In this study, we examined HIV-1 antibody patterns in urine by Western blot assay as compared to that found in serum. Out of 44 sero-positive samples by Western blot assay we found 43 to be HIV-1 antibody positive in the urine, whereas all 40 sero-negative samples were negative in urine. Thus the sensitivity of urine testing was 97.7% with 100% specificity when compared to serum testing by the Western blot assay. In the analysis of the antibody pattern in urine, we found 6.8% of p17, 68% of p24, and 47.7% of p39 in the core proteins; 72.7% of p31, 61.4% of p51, and 68.2% of p66 in the polymerase; and 63.6% of gp41, 75% of gp120, and 97.7% of gp160 in the envelope proteins. The data obtained supports the selection of the HIV-1 antigen subtype-E to develop a home test kit using urine. Urine testing for HIV-1 antibody is convenient, non-invasive, safe, and easily performed at home. However, if the urine is positive, the confirmation test on serum is needed.
人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）感染的诊断通常通过检测血清中的HIV-1抗体来进行。最近，人们尝试在唾液和尿液等其他体液中进行抗体检测。在本研究中，我们通过蛋白质印迹法检测尿液中的HIV-1抗体模式，并与血清中的模式进行比较。在44份蛋白质印迹法血清学阳性样本中，我们发现43份尿液样本中的HIV-1抗体呈阳性，而所有40份血清学阴性样本的尿液检测均为阴性。因此，与蛋白质印迹法血清检测相比，尿液检测的灵敏度为97.7%，特异性为100%。在分析尿液中的抗体模式时，我们发现核心蛋白中p17的阳性率为6.8%，p24为68%，p39为47.7%；聚合酶中p31的阳性率为72.7%，p51为61.4%，p66为68.2%；包膜蛋白中gp41的阳性率为63.6%，gp120为75%，gp160为97.7%。获得的数据支持选择HIV-1抗原E亚型来开发一种使用尿液的家用检测试剂盒。尿液检测HIV-1抗体方便、无创、安全，且易于在家中进行。然而，如果尿液检测呈阳性，则需要对血清进行确认试验。
