Yakoboski P, Ostuw P, Hicks J
EBRI Issue Brief. 1998 Aug(200):1-19.
This Issue Brief presents the findings of the 1998 Retirement Confidence Survey (RCS). The survey tracks Americans' retirement planning and saving behavior and their confidence regarding various aspects of their retirement. It also categorizes workers and retirees into six distinct groups, based on their very different views on retirement, retirement planning, and saving. The six personality types identified in the RCS are Deniers (10 percent of the population), Strugglers (9 percent), Impulsives (20 percent), Cautious Savers (21 percent), Planners (23 percent), and Retiring Savers (17 percent). The survey shows that working Americans have become more focused on retirement; 45 percent have tried to determine how much they need to save before they retire, up from 32 percent in 1996. Americans' growing attention to their retirement has not increased their retirement income confidence. Since 1993, the portion of working Americans who are very confident that they will have enough money to live comfortably throughout retirement has consistently ranged from 20 percent to 25 percent. Sixty-three percent of Americans have begun to save for retirement. Fifty-five percent of those not saving for retirement say it is reasonably possible for them to save $20 per week (over $1,000 per year). In addition, 57 percent of workers who have begun to save say that it is reasonably possible for them to save an additional $20 per week. The findings demonstrate the continuing need for broad-based educational efforts designed to make retirement savings a priority for individuals. The good news is the evidence that education can have a real impact at the individual level. For the first time the 1998 RCS examined retirement planning, saving, and attitudes across ethnic groups (African-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, Asian-Americans, and whites). African-Americans are the least confident that they will have enough money to live comfortably in retirement. African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans are less likely than whites and Asian-Americans to have saved any money for retirement. Among those saving for retirement, individuals' confidence that they are investing their retirement savings wisely does not differ among ethnic groups. Hispanic-Americans are less likely than whites and Asian-Americans to have made an attempt to determine how much money they will need to have saved by the time they retire.
本问题简报介绍了1998年退休信心调查（RCS）的结果。该调查跟踪美国人的退休规划和储蓄行为以及他们对退休各方面的信心。它还根据工人和退休人员对退休、退休规划和储蓄的截然不同的看法，将他们分为六个不同的群体。退休信心调查中确定的六种性格类型分别是否认者（占人口的10%）、奋斗者（9%）、冲动者（20%）、谨慎储蓄者（21%）、规划者（23%）和退休储蓄者（17%）。调查显示，在职美国人对退休问题更加关注；45%的人试图确定退休前需要储蓄多少，而1996年这一比例为32%。美国人对退休问题日益增长的关注并没有提高他们对退休收入的信心。自1993年以来，坚信自己在整个退休期间将有足够资金过上舒适生活的在职美国人比例一直徘徊在20%至25%之间。63%的美国人已开始为退休储蓄。在那些没有为退休储蓄的人中，55%的人表示他们每周储蓄20美元（每年超过1000美元）是合理可行的。此外，在已开始储蓄的工人中，57%的人表示他们每周额外储蓄20美元是合理可行的。这些结果表明，持续需要开展广泛的教育工作，以使个人将退休储蓄作为优先事项。好消息是有证据表明教育在个人层面上能产生实际影响。1998年退休信心调查首次对不同种族群体（非裔美国人、西班牙裔美国人、亚裔美国人和白人）的退休规划、储蓄和态度进行了调查。非裔美国人最不相信自己在退休后会有足够的钱过上舒适生活。非裔美国人和西班牙裔美国人比白人和亚裔美国人储蓄退休金的可能性更小。在为退休储蓄的人中，不同种族群体的个人对自己明智投资退休储蓄的信心并无差异。西班牙裔美国人比白人和亚裔美国人更不可能尝试确定自己到退休时需要储蓄多少钱。
