Nolfi S, Floreano D
Institute of Psychology, National Research Council, Viale Marx 15, Rome, Italy.
Artif Life. 1998 Fall;4(4):311-35. doi: 10.1162/106454698568620.
Coevolution (i.e., the evolution of two or more competing populations with coupled fitness) has several features that may potentially enhance the power of adaptation of artificial evolution. In particular, as discussed by Dawkins and Krebs [3], competing populations may reciprocally drive one another to increasing levels of complexity by producing an evolutionary "arms race." In this article we will investigate the role of coevolution in the context of evolutionary robotics. In particular, we will try to understand in what conditions coevolution can lead to "arms races." Moreover, we will show that in some cases artificial coevolution has a higher adaptive power than simple evolution. Finally, by analyzing the dynamics of coevolved populations, we will show that in some circumstances well-adapted individuals would be better advised to adopt simple but easily modifiable strategies suited for the current competitor strategies rather than incorporate complex and general strategies that may be effective against a wide range of opposing counter-strategies.
协同进化（即两个或多个相互竞争的种群在耦合适应度下的进化）具有若干特征，这些特征可能会潜在地增强人工进化的适应能力。特别是，正如道金斯和克雷布斯[3]所讨论的，相互竞争的种群可能通过产生进化上的“军备竞赛”，相互驱使对方达到越来越高的复杂程度。在本文中，我们将研究协同进化在进化机器人技术背景下的作用。具体而言，我们将试图理解在何种条件下协同进化会导致“军备竞赛”。此外，我们将表明在某些情况下，人工协同进化比简单进化具有更高的适应能力。最后，通过分析协同进化种群的动态，我们将表明在某些情况下，适应良好的个体最好采用适合当前竞争对手策略的简单但易于修改的策略，而不是采用可能对广泛的对立反策略有效的复杂通用策略。
