Green D P, Salovey P, Truax K M
Institution for Social and Policy Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8209, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999 May;76(5):856-67. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.76.5.856.
In what sense are pleasant and unpleasant moods "bipolar"? One must differentiate three types of affective bipolarity: static bipolarity (the zero-order correlation between measures of pleasant and unpleasant affect, net of distortions due to measurement error, tends to be strongly negative), dynamic bipolarity (pleasant and unpleasant feelings generally change in opposite directions and to approximately the same extent), and causative bipolarity (the influence of pleasant and unpleasant affect on other variables is approximately equal and opposite). It is argued that static bipolarity is often attenuated by measurement error, dynamic bipolarity can be masked by asymmetrical scaling artifacts, and causative bipolarity is often obscured by both. The experience and influence of pleasant and unpleasant affect may occur along bipolar lines even if the sources of these feelings are understood as physiologically separable systems with distinct neurological loci.
愉悦和不愉悦情绪在何种意义上是“两极的”？必须区分三种情感两极化类型：静态两极化（愉悦和不愉悦情感测量之间的零阶相关性，扣除测量误差导致的扭曲后，往往呈强负相关）、动态两极化（愉悦和不愉悦感受通常朝相反方向且大致以相同程度变化）和因果两极化（愉悦和不愉悦情感对其他变量的影响大致相等且相反）。有人认为，静态两极化常因测量误差而减弱，动态两极化可能被不对称标度伪影掩盖，因果两极化常被两者同时掩盖。即使这些感受的来源被理解为具有不同神经位点的生理上可分离的系统，愉悦和不愉悦情感的体验及影响也可能沿两极路线发生。
