Russell J A, Carroll J M
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Psychol Bull. 1999 Jan;125(1):3-30. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.1.3.
Is positive affect (PA) the bipolar opposite of, or is it independent of, negative affect (NA)? Previous analyses of this vexing question have generally labored under the false assumption that bipolarity predicts an invariant latent correlation between PA and NA. The predicted correlation varies with time frame, response format, and items selected to define PA and NA. The observed correlation also varies with errors inherent in measurement. When the actual predictions of a bipolar model are considered and error is taken into account, there is little evidence for independence of what were traditionally thought opposites. Bipolarity provides a parsimonious fit to existing data.
积极情感（PA）是消极情感（NA）的两极对立面，还是与其相互独立？此前对这个棘手问题的分析通常受到一个错误假设的影响，即两极对立预示着PA和NA之间存在不变的潜在相关性。预测的相关性会随时间框架、反应格式以及用于定义PA和NA的项目而变化。观察到的相关性也会因测量中固有的误差而变化。当考虑双极模型的实际预测并将误差考虑在内时，几乎没有证据表明传统上认为的对立面是相互独立的。两极对立为现有数据提供了简洁的拟合。
