对香料的接触反应。
Contact reactions to fragrances.
作者信息
Katsarou A, Armenaka M, Kalogeromitros D, Koufou V, Georgala S
机构信息
Department of Dermatology, University of Athens, A. Sygros Hospital, Greece.
出版信息
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1999 May;82(5):449-55. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62720-2.
BACKGROUND
The most common reaction to fragrances is contact dermatitis, a delayed hypersensitivity reaction; however, other reactions include immediate contact reactions (contact urticaria) and photo-allergic reactions. Fragrance mix (FM) and balsam of Peru (BP) are used to screen for fragrance allergy.
OBJECTIVE
To study the different types of allergic skin reactions to fragrance compounds.
METHODS
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to FM and BP were studied in 4,975 patients with suspected contact dermatitis by routine patch testing interpreted at 48 and 96 hours. In 664 of the patients, patch tests were read at 30 minutes to evaluate for immediate (wheal-and-flare) contact reactions and again at 48 and 96 hours. Photopatch tests to FM were performed in 111 patients with suspected photo-allergic dermatitis.
RESULTS
Delayed contact reactions to FM occurred in 6.6% of females and 5.4% of males and to BP in 3.9% of females and 4.1% of males. Analysis of data over time (12 study years) showed an increased trend for reactions to fragrances, particularly in males. Sensitivity to other contact allergens (polysensitivity) was found in 62% of patients and polysensitivity presented more often with generalized contact dermatitis. The most sensitizing components of the fragrance mix that were tested in 38 patients were cinnamic alcohol, oak moss, and cinnamic aldehyde. There were 112 immediate patch test reactions to FM and 113 to BP in 664 patients. Immediate contact reactions were followed by delayed contact reactions in 13.4% of patients for FM and 8.8% for BP, representing a significant increase in the frequency of delayed contact reactions. Patients with immediate contact reactions to fragrances did not have a higher incidence of atopy (25.9%). No cases of positive photopatch test reactions to FM were seen.
CONCLUSION
Fragrances commonly cause both delayed and immediate patch test reactions and patients with immediate contact reactions have an increase in delayed contact reactions to the same allergen.
背景
对香料最常见的反应是接触性皮炎，一种迟发型超敏反应；然而，其他反应包括即刻接触反应（接触性荨麻疹）和光过敏反应。香料混合物（FM）和秘鲁香脂（BP）用于筛查香料过敏。
目的
研究对香料化合物的不同类型过敏性皮肤反应。
方法
通过在48小时和96小时解读的常规斑贴试验，对4975例疑似接触性皮炎患者进行了对FM和BP的迟发型超敏反应研究。在664例患者中，在30分钟时读取斑贴试验结果以评估即刻（风团和潮红）接触反应，并在48小时和96小时时再次读取。对111例疑似光过敏性皮炎患者进行了对FM的光斑贴试验。
结果
女性中对FM的迟发型接触反应发生率为6.6%，男性为5.4%；对BP的迟发型接触反应发生率女性为3.9%，男性为4.1%。对12个研究年份的数据进行分析显示，对香料的反应呈上升趋势，尤其是在男性中。在62%的患者中发现对其他接触变应原敏感（多敏感性），多敏感性更常表现为泛发性接触性皮炎。在38例患者中测试的香料混合物中最具致敏性的成分是肉桂醇、橡苔和肉桂醛。在664例患者中，对FM有112次即刻斑贴试验反应，对BP有113次。对于FM，13.4%的患者在即刻接触反应后出现迟发型接触反应，对于BP为8.8%，这表明迟发型接触反应的频率显著增加。对香料有即刻接触反应的患者特应性发生率并不更高（25.9%）。未发现对FM光斑贴试验反应阳性的病例。
结论
香料通常会引起迟发型和即刻斑贴试验反应，有即刻接触反应的患者对同一变应原的迟发型接触反应会增加。
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