Tilles G, Wallach D
Société française d'histoire de la dermatologie, Musée de l'hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 av. Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France.
Br J Dermatol. 1999 Jun;140(6):1122-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02894.x.
In 1798, Robert Willan published the founding textbook of British dermatology. In adopting the elementary lesions principle previously described by Josef Plenck and improving the nomenclature of the skin diseases, Willan established a method for the diagnosis and a doctrine for the nosology of the cutaneous diseases. Introduced into France by Biett in the 1810s, the Willanist method, which allowed diagnosis on the basis of objective criteria, was adopted by the majority of the dermatological community. However, as a doctrine, Willanism, the use of elementary lesions as a framework for classifying diseases, became the subject of lasting debate. In fact, apart from a few, most leading French dermatologists did not accept Willan's doctrine and preferred classifications according to systems which were supposed to reflect the best understanding of the cutaneous diseases: physiological, aetiological and pathological. Willanism is still used by every dermatologist as a method for recognizing skin diseases. It constitutes a firm link to the founding period of modern dermatology and remains a bastion against uncertain hypotheses.
1798年，罗伯特·威兰出版了英国皮肤病学的奠基性教科书。通过采用约瑟夫·普伦克先前描述的基本损害原则并改进皮肤病的命名法，威兰建立了一种诊断方法和一套皮肤病分类学理论。19世纪10年代，比埃特将威兰主义方法引入法国，该方法允许根据客观标准进行诊断，被大多数皮肤科界人士所采用。然而，作为一种理论，威兰主义，即将基本损害用作疾病分类框架的做法，成为了持久争论的主题。事实上，除了少数人外，大多数法国顶尖皮肤科医生并不接受威兰的理论，而是倾向于根据那些被认为能反映对皮肤病最佳理解的系统进行分类：生理学的、病因学的和病理学的。威兰主义至今仍被每位皮肤科医生用作识别皮肤病的方法。它构成了与现代皮肤病学创立时期的紧密联系，并且仍然是抵御不确定假说的堡垒。
