Espinàs J A, Moreno V, Borràs J M, Pujol C, Martí M
Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, 08907, España.
Gac Sanit. 1999 Mar-Apr;13(2):126-34. doi: 10.1016/s0213-9111(99)71337-3.
To assess the relationship between socio-demographic factors and smoking status in a population of Barcelona metropolitan area.
The study included 2,074 questionnaires from the health interview survey carried out in a representative sample of Cornellà during december 1993-november 1994. Only questionnaires of respondents older than 15 were included. A politomic logistic regression was used. Smoking status, classified as never smoker, actual smoker and former smoker, was considered the dependent variable and the sociodemographic factors, the independent variables. Socio-economic status was measured by educational level.
The percentage of smokers in men was 46% while in women was only 22%. In men, the probability of smoking was higher in those men whose educational levels were lower (OR: 2.97); in women, no association was found between smoking and education. Unemployment increased the likelihood of being a smoker in both men and women (OR: 1.80). Women did smoke less than men in all age groups and educational levels except for women aged 15-44 with EGB or higher educational level. Educational level was not a significant factor in quitting smoking in either men or women. For both sexes, the greater the age the more likelihood there was of being an ex-smoker. Quitting was not associated with gender in any age or educational group.
A similar prevalence of smoking in younger women and men of higher educational level suggests that gender differences are diminishing. In men, smoking was associated with educational level. Age is the principal determinant of quitting and neither educational achievement nor gender play a significant role in our study.
评估巴塞罗那大都市区人群社会人口学因素与吸烟状况之间的关系。
该研究纳入了1993年12月至1994年11月在科尔内利亚代表性样本中进行的健康访谈调查的2074份问卷。仅纳入了15岁以上受访者的问卷。采用多因素逻辑回归分析。吸烟状况分为从不吸烟者、当前吸烟者和既往吸烟者，作为因变量，社会人口学因素作为自变量。社会经济地位通过教育水平衡量。
男性吸烟者的比例为46%，而女性仅为22%。在男性中，教育水平较低的男性吸烟概率更高（比值比：2.97）；在女性中，未发现吸烟与教育之间存在关联。失业增加了男性和女性成为吸烟者的可能性（比值比：1.80）。除了接受过高中或更高教育水平的15 - 44岁女性外，在所有年龄组和教育水平中，女性吸烟都比男性少。教育水平在男性或女性戒烟方面不是一个显著因素。对于两性来说，年龄越大成为既往吸烟者的可能性越大。在任何年龄或教育组中，戒烟与性别均无关联。
年轻女性和高学历男性中相似的吸烟流行率表明性别差异正在缩小。在男性中，吸烟与教育水平相关。年龄是戒烟的主要决定因素，在我们的研究中，教育程度和性别均未发挥显著作用。
